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Select

Pick exactly one value from a list. A md-text-field trigger with a md-menu dropdown, optional in-menu filtering, async option loading, and row virtualization for large lists. Form-associated via ElementInternals, with full constraint validation.

Live preview Open in Storybook
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Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Priority" value="med" style="min-width: 220px;">
  <md-select-option value="low">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high" supporting-text="Pages on-call">High</md-select-option>
</md-select>

Already installed? See the Installation guide for one-time package setup (core + tokens, fonts). Each tab below shows two patterns for using md-select in your project: Option A registers every AWC UI component at once (simplest), Option B imports only this component for tree-shake-friendly bundles.

<!-- ─── Option A: global registration (all components) ─── -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>


<!-- ─── Option B: single import (tree-shake only md-select) ─── -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/components/md-select';
</script>


<md-select></md-select>
  • One value from a list of roughly 5 or more options.
  • Options are known — static, fetched, or filtered server-side.
  • Space is constrained: the list should stay collapsed until needed.
SituationUse instead
Five or fewer options that should all be visiblemd-radio
Several values may be chosenmd-select-option ·
md-multi-select
The user types free text with suggestionsmd-autocomplete
2–5 exclusive view/mode optionsmd-segmented-button
A date or a timemd-date-picker / md-time-picker
Running actions rather than choosing a valuemd-menu
A booleanmd-switch / md-checkbox
NeedSetting
Options written in markupmd-select-option children
Options from data or a fetchThe options property
Filled fieldvariant="filled"
A clear affordanceclearable
An in-menu search boxfilterable
Thousands of rowsvirtualize
Menu as wide as the triggermatch-trigger-width
Compact trigger and rowsdensity="-1…-4"

Arrays don’t cross the attribute boundary, so options must be set as a JS property:

options set as a JS property — no markup children Open in Storybook
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select id="country" label="Country"></md-select>

<script type="module">
  const select = document.getElementById('country');

  // Arrays don't cross the attribute boundary — set it as a property.
  select.options = countries.map((c) => ({ value: c.code, label: c.name }));
  select.value = 'de';
</script>

value is a single string, not an array. getLabels(values) resolves values back to display labels.

md-select-option is a declarative data carrier, shared with md-multi-select. It renders nothing (:host { display: none }) — the parent reads its props and projects them into its own md-menu as real md-menu-item rows.

Markup-authored options — open it to see the rows the carriers describe Open in Storybook
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<!-- index.html <head> — the icon font the components draw from -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200&display=swap">

<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Priority" value="med" style="min-inline-size: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="low" icon="arrow_downward">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med" icon="remove">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high" icon="arrow_upward" icon-color="var(--md-sys-color-error)">High</md-select-option>
</md-select>
  • It is a carrier, not the rendered row. In devtools it is an empty, hidden host — that is correct, and it means the option never flashes unstyled before hydration. Style the parent, not the carrier: the visible row lives in the select’s md-menu, so reach it with the select’s parts and custom properties.
  • label falls back to the slotted text when it is empty.
  • selected is a hint — honoured only while the parent’s own value is unset. If the select has a value, the select wins.
  • Adding and removing options at runtime works; connect / disconnect trigger a re-read.
  • Give every option a unique, stable value. Matching and every emitted payload depend on it — translate the label and supporting-text, keep value untranslated.
Declarative options Open in Storybook
France Germany Spain Italy
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Country" placeholder="Choose…" style="min-width: 240px;">
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de">Germany</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="es" supporting-text="Ships in 3 days">Spain</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="it" disabled>Italy</md-select-option>
</md-select>

outlined is the default.

Outlined and filled Open in Storybook
Option A Option B Option A Option B
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select variant="outlined" label="Outlined" value="a" style="min-width: 200px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select variant="filled" label="Filled" value="a" style="min-width: 200px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>

Options carry an icon, an icon-color and a supporting-text second line. Use icons consistently — all rows or none.

Option icons and supporting text Open in Storybook
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Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html <head> — the icon font the components draw from -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200&display=swap">

<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Priority" value="high" style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="low" icon="arrow_downward" supporting-text="Next sprint">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med" icon="remove" supporting-text="This week">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high" icon="arrow_upward" icon-color="var(--md-sys-color-error)" supporting-text="Pages on-call">High</md-select-option>
</md-select>

error-text replaces supporting-text when error is set — never show both. reserve-supporting-space keeps the message line’s height allocated so the layout doesn’t jump when an error appears.

Default, disabled, error Open in Storybook
Option A Option A France
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Enabled" value="a" supporting-text="Where you're billed" style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select label="Disabled" value="a" disabled style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select label="Country" required error error-text="Select a country" reserve-supporting-space style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
</md-select>

clearable adds a clear affordance. filterable renders a search box inside the menu — turn it on past roughly 15 options. loading shows the progress affordance while options are being fetched.

filterable works whichever way the options were supplied. A plain list filters client-side on label or supporting text, case-insensitively and immediately; a virtualized one filters inside the WASM engine, debounced, with a spinner. No match shows no-results-text, and closing the menu clears the query — the field is uncontrolled and unmounts with the menu, so reopening shows the full list.

Clear, filter, loading — type “berlin” in the filterable one: supporting text matches too Open in Storybook
France Germany France Germany Spain
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Clearable" value="fr" clearable style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de">Germany</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select label="Filterable" filterable search-placeholder="Search…" filter-label="Filter countries" style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-select-option value="fr" supporting-text="Paris">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de" supporting-text="Berlin">Germany</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="es" supporting-text="Madrid">Spain</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select label="Loading" loading loading-text="Loading…" style="min-width: 210px;"></md-select>

Slot your own affordance into loader when the default spinner isn’t what you want — a circular md-progress-indicator, a branded mark, a skeleton. Everything else about the loading state is unchanged.

The built-in md-loading-indicator, and an md-progress-indicator slotted over it Open in Storybook
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Default loader" loading loading-text="Loading…" style="min-width: 210px;"></md-select>

<md-select label="Slotted loader" loading loading-text="Loading…" style="min-width: 210px;">
  <md-progress-indicator slot="loader" variant="circular" indeterminate size="24" label="Loading"></md-progress-indicator>
</md-select>

For server-side search, combine setQuery() with loadOptions() and drive loading yourself. setQuery(q) filters the menu exactly as typing into the in-menu search field would, and fills that field with q so the two agree — call it after loadOptions() resolves, since loading replaces the whole option set and would overwrite the filter.

Fetch on open, then setQuery('fra') filters the menu and fills the search box Open in Storybook
setQuery('fra')
Open it — the first page loads on mdOpen.
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select id="airport" label="Airport" filterable loading-text="Searching…"></md-select>

<script type="module">
  const select = document.getElementById('airport');

  const load = async (q) => {
    select.loading = true;
    // await it: loadOptions resolves once the store has finished packing, and
    // filtering before that runs against a store that is still loading.
    await select.loadOptions(await fetchPage(q));   // your endpoint
    select.loading = false;
  };

  // Fetch the first page when the menu opens, once — loadOptions() replaces the
  // whole option set, so a later fetch would overwrite an applied filter.
  let loaded = null;
  const ensureLoaded = () => (loaded ??= load(''));
  select.addEventListener('mdOpen', ensureLoaded);

  // …and drive the in-menu search box yourself when you have a query.
  // setQuery() filters the menu AND fills the search field, exactly as typing
  // would — after the options are in.
  await ensureLoaded();
  select.setQuery('fra');
</script>

match-trigger-width (on by default) ties the menu to the field’s width; set match-trigger-width="false" to let the menu size itself. full-width stretches the trigger to its container, and placement="top-start" opens upward. Give the menu a sensible max-height so it stays reachable on short viewports.

Width and placement Open in Storybook
A fairly long option label Short Option A Option B
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Matches the trigger" value="a" max-height="240" style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">A fairly long option label</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b">Short</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<md-select label="Opens upward" value="a" placement="top-start" style="min-width: 200px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>
Density rungs Open in Storybook
Option A Option A Option A Option A Option A
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Density 0" value="a" density="0" style="min-width: 180px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>
<md-select label="Density -1" value="a" density="-1" style="min-width: 180px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>
<md-select label="Density -2" value="a" density="-2" style="min-width: 180px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>
<md-select label="Density -3" value="a" density="-3" style="min-width: 180px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>
<md-select label="Density -4" value="a" density="-4" style="min-width: 180px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
</md-select>

virtualize="auto" turns on row virtualization past an internal threshold; "always" forces it.

10,000,000 options — open it and scroll; only the visible window is in the DOM, and the filter runs in WASM Open in Storybook

Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select
  id="options"
  label="Option"
  filterable
  virtualize="always"
  row-height="48"
  max-height="320"
  ></md-select>

<script type="module">
  const el = document.getElementById('options');

  // A row factory streams into WASM — ten million options never exist as JS
  // objects at once. Flip the loading flag around it so the trigger says so.
  el.loading = true;
  await el.loadOptions({
    count: 10_000_000,
    getRow: (i) => ({ value: `v${i}`, label: `Option ${i}` }),
  });
  el.loading = false;
</script>

md-select is form-associated via ElementInternals, so name puts the value into FormData across the shadow boundary — no hidden <input> needed. required participates in native constraint validation, and value-missing-label supplies the message.

Pick a country and submit — FormData carries it; submit empty and required blocks it Open in Storybook
France Germany Save Submit with nothing chosen — required blocks it.
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<form id="billing">
  <md-select label="Country" name="country" required
    value-missing-label="Select a country">
    <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
    <md-select-option value="de">Germany</md-select-option>
  </md-select>

  <md-button variant="filled" type="submit">Save</md-button>
</form>

<script type="module">
  const form = document.getElementById('billing');

  form.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const data = new FormData(e.target);
    console.log(Object.fromEntries(data));   // { country: 'fr' }
  });
</script>
EventCancelableDetailFires
mdChangenostringThe selected value changed
mdOpennovoidThe dropdown opened
mdClosenovoidThe dropdown closed
mdValidityChangeno{ valid, validationMessage, flags }Validity changed
Every event, live Open in Storybook
Low Medium High
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select id="priority" label="Priority" value="med" required>
  <md-select-option value="low">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high">High</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<script type="module">
  const sel = document.getElementById('priority');

  sel.addEventListener('mdChange', (e) => save(e.detail));            // string
  sel.addEventListener('mdValidityChange', (e) => {
    console.log(e.detail.valid, e.detail.validationMessage);
  });
</script>

Properties

PropertyAttributeTypeDefaultReflects
valueMissingLabelvalue-missing-labelstring'Please select an item in the list.'
reserveSupportingSpacereserve-supporting-spacebooleanfalse
variantvariant'filled' | 'outlined''outlined'Yes
labellabelstring''
placeholderplaceholderstring''
valuevaluestring''Yes
disableddisabledbooleanfalseYes
requiredrequiredbooleanfalseYes
errorerrorbooleanfalseYes
errorTexterror-textstring''
supportingTextsupporting-textstring''
densitydensity0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -40Yes
clearableclearablebooleanfalseYes
matchTriggerWidthmatch-trigger-widthbooleantrueYes
placementplacement'bottom-start' | 'bottom-end' | 'top-start' | 'top-end''bottom-start'
maxHeightmax-heightnumber | string
optionsoptionsSelectOptionInit[] | string[]
virtualizevirtualize'auto' | 'always' | 'never''auto'
filterablefilterablebooleanfalse
filterModefilter-modeFilterMode'substring'
rowHeightrow-heightnumber
namenamestring''Yes
searchPlaceholdersearch-placeholderstring'Search…'
filterLabelfilter-labelstring''
noResultsTextno-results-textstring'No results'
noOptionsTextno-options-textstring'No options'
clearLabelclear-labelstring'Clear selection'
searchingLabelsearching-labelstring'Searching'
loadingTextloading-textstring'Loading…'
clearIconclear-iconstring'close'
dropdownIcondropdown-iconstring'arrow_drop_down'
loadingloadingbooleanfalseYes
fullWidthfull-widthbooleanfalseYes
openopenbooleanfalseYes

Methods

MethodParameters
show()none
close()none
focusTrigger()none
reset()none
loadOptions()source: SelectOptionInit[] | OptionRowSource
setQuery()query: string
getLabels()values: string[]
getValidity()none
checkValidity()none
reportValidity()none
setCustomValidity()message: string

Slots

SlotDescription
(default)
loader
dropdown-icon

CSS Custom Properties

Override on the host element for per-instance theming:

PropertyDescription
--md-select-widthHost inline size (default 100%)
--md-select-min-widthHost minimum inline size (default 0)
--md-select-caret-colorDropdown caret colour
--md-select-caret-sizeDropdown caret glyph size (default 24px)
--md-select-clear-colorClear (✕) icon colour (default: caret colour)
--md-select-trailing-gapGap between clear + caret (default 2px)
--md-select-option-icon-colorLeading icon colour in option rows
--md-select-spinner-size

CSS Shadow Parts

Style internal elements through shadow DOM with ::part():

PartDescription
field
trailing
loading-spinner
clear
caret
option-icon
menu
search-wrap
search
search-spinner
loading-bar
loading-progress
field-container

The option carrier’s own surface. It renders nothing, so it has no parts or custom properties of its own — theme the select and its menu instead.

Properties

PropertyAttributeTypeDefaultReflects
valuevaluestring''
labellabelstring''
disableddisabledbooleanfalseYes
selectedselectedbooleanfalseYes
iconiconstring''
iconColoricon-colorstring''
supportingTextsupporting-textstring''

Slots

SlotDescription
(default)
  • label supplies the accessible name. The dropdown is a md-menu with managed roving focus; Escape closes and returns focus to the trigger.
  • Typeahead and arrow navigation are handled internally.
  • Because ARIA IDREFs can’t cross shadow boundaries, the trigger uses aria-haspopup rather than a full combobox / aria-activedescendant wiring. Don’t try to add those from outside — they won’t resolve.
  • Errors appear in the supporting line; keep reserve-supporting-space on in dense forms so the layout doesn’t jump.
  • Set max-height so the menu stays reachable on short viewports.
KeyAction
Enter / Space / Open the menu from the trigger
/ Move between options
Home / EndFirst / last option
EnterCommit the focused option and close
A–ZTypeahead, or types into the search box when filterable
EscapeClose, returning focus to the trigger
Open it and drive it from the keyboard Open in Storybook
Low Medium High Critical — locked
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html <head> — the icon font the components draw from -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200&display=swap">

<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Priority" value="med" supporting-text="Arrow to move, Enter to commit" style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="low" icon="arrow_downward">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med" icon="remove">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high" icon="arrow_upward">High</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="crit" disabled>Critical — locked</md-select-option>
</md-select>

RTL — field, caret and menu alignment mirror under dir="rtl". placement is logical (bottom-start follows reading order). See RTL.

Same markup, dir=ltr vs dir=rtl Open in Storybook
RedBlue
أحمرأزرق
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<div style="display:flex;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;">
  <div dir="ltr"><md-select label="Colour" value="blue" style="min-width: 220px;"><md-select-option value="red">Red</md-select-option><md-select-option value="blue">Blue</md-select-option></md-select></div>
  <div dir="rtl"><md-select label="اللون" value="blue" style="min-width: 220px;"><md-select-option value="red">أحمر</md-select-option><md-select-option value="blue">أزرق</md-select-option></md-select></div>
</div>

Densitydensity="-1…-4" compacts the trigger and the menu rows. See Density.

i18n — every user-facing string is a prop and all of them default to English: search-placeholder, filter-label, no-results-text, no-options-text, clear-label, searching-label, loading-text, value-missing-label, plus label, placeholder, supporting-text and error-text. Option labels come from your data or slotted text; keep value an untranslated identifier.

Every affordance string translated — open the filter to see them Open in Storybook
France Allemagne Espagne
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Pays" filterable clearable value="fr"
  search-placeholder="Rechercher…" no-results-text="Aucun résultat"
  no-options-text="Aucune option" clear-label="Effacer la sélection"
  style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de">Allemagne</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="es">Espagne</md-select-option>
</md-select>
Custom propertyPurpose
--md-select-width / --md-select-min-widthTrigger width
--md-select-caret-color / --md-select-caret-sizeDropdown caret
--md-select-clear-colorClear affordance
--md-select-trailing-gapSpacing of trailing controls
--md-select-option-icon-colorOption row icons
--md-select-spinner-sizeLoading spinner

The embedded field and menu also honour the --md-text-field-*, --md-menu-* and --md-menu-item-* properties.

Themed instance Open in Storybook
Option A Option B
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Themed" value="a" clearable style="--md-select-min-width: 260px; --md-select-caret-color: var(--md-sys-color-primary); --md-text-field-container-shape: 4px;">
  <md-select-option value="a">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>

Every default resolves through an md-sys-color role, so a select that sets no custom properties follows the theme on its own:

Untouched defaults — follows the page theme Open in Storybook
Option A Option B
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html <head> — the icon font the components draw from -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200&display=swap">

<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<md-select label="Untouched defaults" value="b" clearable style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="a" icon="star">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b" icon="favorite" supporting-text="With supporting text">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>
PartElement
fieldThe text-field trigger
trailing / caret / clearTrailing region, dropdown caret, clear affordance
menuThe dropdown surface
search / search-wrap / search-spinnerIn-menu filter field and its busy state
option-iconPer-option icon
loading-spinner / loading-bar / loading-progressAsync loading affordances
caret and field
Option A Option B
Show code for each technology
<!-- index.html <head> — the icon font the components draw from -->
<link rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200&display=swap">

<!-- index.html — register the AWC UI elements once -->
<script type="module">
  import '@awc-ui/core/define';
</script>

<style>
  .parts-select::part(caret) { color: var(--md-sys-color-primary); }
  .parts-select::part(field) { --md-text-field-container-shape: 4px; }
</style>
<md-select class="parts-select" label="Styled parts" value="a" clearable style="min-width: 260px;">
  <md-select-option value="a" icon="star">Option A</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="b" icon="favorite">Option B</md-select-option>
</md-select>

md-select-option · md-multi-select · md-autocomplete · md-menu · md-menu-item · md-radio · md-text-field · md-segmented-button

For AI Agents — md-select

Two artefacts to give your AI agent so it generates correct UI with this component. The per-component spec answers "how do I use this exact tag?". The main-llm spec answers "which tag should I pick in the first place?".

Per-component

md-select spec card

Identity · when to use / when NOT · decision cues · behavioural contract · do/don't · anti-patterns · full API. Paste into your agent when you're implementing with this component.

Main-LLM spec

AWC UI Operator's Manual

System-prompt preamble · decision matrix · token reference · page recipes · anti-patterns. Paste into the system prompt at the start of a piece of work.

Open spec

md-select readme.md

# md-select

<!-- llm:meta
tag: md-select
category: selection
status: md3-mapped
m3-guidelines: https://m3.material.io/components/menus/guidelines
form-associated: true
depends-on: md-text-field, md-loading-indicator, md-icon-button, md-menu-item, md-menu, md-progress-indicator
used-by: md-table-pagination
accepts-children: md-select-option
-->

**Pick exactly one value from a list.** A readonly `md-text-field` trigger with
an `md-menu` listbox popup, optional in-menu filtering, async option loading and
row virtualization for large lists. Form-associated with full constraint
validation.

> Setup, theming, density and i18n are configured once for the whole library —
> see [`main-llm.md`](../../../../../main-llm.md) at the repo root.

---

## When to use

- **One** value from a list of roughly **5 or more** options.
- Options are known (static, fetched, or filtered server-side).
- Space is constrained — the list should stay collapsed until needed.

## When NOT to use

| Situation | Use instead |
|---|---|
| Five or fewer options that should all be visible | `md-radio` |
| Several values may be chosen | `md-multi-select` |
| The user types free text with suggestions | `md-autocomplete` |
| 2–5 exclusive view/mode options | `md-segmented-button-set` |
| A date or time | `md-date-picker` / `md-time-picker` |
| Running actions rather than choosing a value | `md-menu` |
| A boolean | `md-switch` / `md-checkbox` |

## Decision cues

| Need | Setting |
|---|---|
| Options in markup | `md-select-option` children |
| Options from data | `options` property (array in JS, or a JSON-array attribute) |
| Async / very large datasets | `loadOptions(source)` + `loading` |
| Search box inside the menu | `filterable` (+ `filter-mode`) — works with children or `options` |
| Server-side search | `filterable` + `loadOptions()` then `setQuery()` |
| Thousands of rows | `virtualize="always"` (+ `row-height`) |
| Menu wider/narrower than the field | `match-trigger-width="false"` |
| Open upward | `placement="top-start"` |
| Allow clearing | `clearable` |
| Reserve space for the message line | `reserve-supporting-space` |
| Fill the parent's width | `full-width` |

## API contract

```html
<md-select
  variant="filled|outlined"                 <!-- default: outlined -->
  label="Country"
  placeholder="Choose…"
  value="fr"                                <!-- default: '' (nothing selected) -->
  name="country"
  required                                  <!-- default: false -->
  supporting-text="Where you're billed"
  error error-text="Select a country"
  clearable                                 <!-- default: false -->
  clear-icon="close"                        <!-- default: close -->
  clear-label="Clear selection"             <!-- default: Clear selection -->
  dropdown-icon="arrow_drop_down"           <!-- default: arrow_drop_down -->
  filterable                                <!-- default: false -->
  filter-mode="substring"                   <!-- default: substring -->
  virtualize="auto|always|never"            <!-- default: auto -->
  row-height="48"                           <!-- default: measured from row 1 -->
  placement="bottom-start|bottom-end|top-start|top-end"   <!-- default: bottom-start -->
  match-trigger-width                       <!-- default: true -->
  max-height="320"                          <!-- number = px, or any CSS length -->
  full-width                                <!-- default: false -->
  open                                      <!-- default: false; see contract note -->
  loading                                   <!-- default: false -->
  loading-text="Loading…"                   <!-- default: Loading… -->
  search-placeholder="Search…"              <!-- default: Search… -->
  filter-label="Filter countries"           <!-- default: 'Filter <label>' -->
  no-results-text="No results"              <!-- default: No results -->
  no-options-text="No options"              <!-- default: No options -->
  searching-label="Searching"               <!-- default: Searching -->
  value-missing-label="Please select an item in the list."
  reserve-supporting-space                  <!-- default: false -->
  disabled                                  <!-- default: false -->
  density="-1|-2|-3|-4"                     <!-- default: 0 = uncompacted -->
>
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de">Germany</md-select-option>
</md-select>
```

**Events** — `mdChange` (`CustomEvent<string>`, the new value), `mdOpen`
(`void`), `mdClose` (`void`) — all three bubble and are composed;
`mdValidityChange` (`{ valid, validationMessage, flags }`) bubbles but is
**not composed**.

**Methods** — `show()`, `close()`, `focusTrigger()`, `reset()`,
`loadOptions(source)`, `setQuery(query)`, `getLabels(values)` *(virtualized
lists only — see below)*, `getValidity()`, `checkValidity()`,
`reportValidity()`, `setCustomValidity(message)`. All are async (they return a
promise).

**Slots** — default: the `md-select-option` children (kept hidden in the light
DOM as data carriers); `dropdown-icon` replaces the caret glyph; `loader`
replaces the trigger spinner shown while `loading`.

**Parts** — `field`, `field-container`, `trailing`, `clear`, `caret`,
`loading-spinner`, `loading-bar`, `loading-progress`, `menu`, `option`,
`option-selected`, `option-icon`, `search`, `search-wrap`, `search-spinner`.

### Behavioral contract worth knowing

- **Two option sources, with a defined winner.** Slotted `md-select-option`
  children take precedence; the `options` array is only read when there are no
  such children. Nothing merges — pick one source.
- `options` accepts the array as a **JS property** or a **JSON array string**
  as an attribute (`options='[{"value":"fr","label":"France"}]'`). Malformed
  JSON warns on the console and degrades to an empty list. An option entry
  without a `label` falls back to its `value`.
- `value` is a **single string**; `''` means nothing is selected.
- `getLabels(values)` only answers on the **virtualized** path, where it
  resolves values that are outside the current filter/window. On a plain
  (non-virtualized) list it returns `{}` — read the labels off your own
  `options` data or the `md-select-option` children instead.
- An option carrying `selected` is adopted **only at load, and only when
  `value` is still empty**. After that the parent's `value` is authoritative.
- Re-picking the option that is already selected closes the menu and emits
  **nothing**. Picking a different one sets `value`, emits `mdChange`, closes
  the menu and returns focus to the trigger.
- The clear (✕) button and `reset()` both set `value` to `''` and emit
  `mdChange('')`. `reset()` is a no-op when nothing is selected. A `<form>`
  reset restores the value the element loaded with and emits **nothing**.
- `open` is honoured as a *change*, not as an initial value: `<md-select open>`
  renders the trigger closed. Call `show()` (or set `.open = true`) after the
  element has upgraded.
- Keyboard on the trigger: `ArrowDown` / `Enter` / `Space` open; `Escape`
  closes and returns focus to the trigger. Arrow navigation and type-ahead
  inside the list come from `md-menu`.
- `filterable` renders a search box **inside the menu**, whichever way the
  options were supplied. A plain (non-virtualized) list filters client-side on
  **label or supporting text**, case-insensitively and synchronously; a
  virtualized one filters inside the WASM engine, debounced, with a spinner. No
  match shows `no-results-text`; an empty dataset shows `no-options-text`. The
  box is uncontrolled and unmounts with the menu, so closing clears the query.
- `setQuery(q)` filters the menu exactly as typing into that box would, and
  mirrors `q` into the box so the two agree. Apply it **after `loadOptions()`
  resolves** — loading replaces the whole option set, so a query applied
  against a store still packing is discarded.
- `virtualize="auto"` switches to the virtualized path above 200 options.
  Virtualized rows render label, supporting text and selection only: a
  per-option `iconColor` is **not** carried across (those rows fall back to
  `--md-select-option-icon-color`). Give a `row-height` when your rows are not
  a uniform height. A virtualized menu needs a bounded viewport, so `max-height`
  defaults to `320` there when you leave it unset.
- `loading` swaps the trigger caret for a spinner, sets `aria-busy` on the
  host, and replaces the menu body with a wavy indeterminate progress bar — the
  filter box is not rendered while it is on.
- `required` is published to the owning form through `ElementInternals`, so an
  empty required select really blocks submission. `setCustomValidity(msg)` wins
  over the `required` message; clear it with `''`.
- `mdValidityChange` never fires on mount — the first evaluation only primes the
  baseline — and it repeats nothing: identical validity stays silent.
- `mdValidityChange` is **not composed**, deliberately, so the embedded
  `md-text-field`'s own validity event cannot be mistaken for the select's.
  Listen on the `md-select` element itself.
- `mdOpen` / `mdClose` **are** composed, so they also fire on an embedding
  shadow host at `AT_TARGET` — guard against double handling if you wrap this
  component.
- `md-select-option` children are hidden data carriers; the visible rows are
  `md-menu-item`s the select renders into its own shadow root. Theme the
  select / menu, never the option.

---

## Do / Don't

Row and menu guidance sourced from
[M3 · Menus · Guidelines](https://m3.material.io/components/menus/guidelines);
the rest are contract rules for this component.

| ✅ Do | ❌ Don't |
|---|---|
| Use a select when the list is long enough to justify collapsing | Don't use one for two or three options — show radios |
| Always set a `label` | Don't rely on `placeholder` as the label |
| Order options meaningfully (frequency, alphabetical, numeric) | Don't order arbitrarily |
| Turn on `filterable` past ~15 options | Don't force scrolling through a long unfiltered list |
| Keep option labels short and scannable | Don't write sentence-length option rows |
| Use `disabled` options to show unavailable choices | Don't silently drop options |
| Localize every text prop | Don't ship the English defaults in a translated app |
| Swap supporting text for error text | Don't show both at once |
| Give the menu a sensible `max-height` | Don't let the dropdown run off-screen |

---

## Patterns

```html
<!-- Declarative options -->
<md-select id="priority" label="Priority" value="med" name="priority" required>
  <md-select-option value="low">Low</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="med">Medium</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="high" supporting-text="Pages on-call">High</md-select-option>
</md-select>

<script type="module">
  const sel = document.getElementById('priority');
  sel.addEventListener('mdChange', (e) => console.log(e.detail)); // string
</script>
```

```html
<!-- Options inline, with no script at all: a JSON array attribute -->
<md-select
  label="Country"
  options='[{"value":"fr","label":"France"},{"value":"de","label":"Germany"}]'
></md-select>
```

```html
<!-- A search box over markup-authored options — no virtualization involved -->
<md-select label="Country" filterable>
  <md-select-option value="fr">France</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="de" supporting-text="Berlin">Germany</md-select-option>
  <md-select-option value="es">Spain</md-select-option>
</md-select>
```

```html
<!-- Large list: virtualize with a fixed row height, load on first open -->
<md-select id="airports" label="Airport" filterable
           virtualize="always" row-height="48"></md-select>

<script type="module">
  const el = document.getElementById('airports');

  let loaded = null;
  const load = async () => {
    el.loading = true;
    // await the LOAD, not just the fetch: loadOptions resolves once the store
    // has finished packing, and filtering before that is discarded.
    await el.loadOptions(await fetchAirports());
    el.loading = false;
  };

  el.addEventListener('mdOpen', () => (loaded ??= load()));

  // Programmatic filtering, after the dataset is in place.
  document.getElementById('search-form')?.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    await loaded;
    await el.setQuery('fra'); // filters the menu AND fills the search box
  });
</script>
```

```html
<!-- Localized: every default-English string replaced -->
<md-select label="Pays" filterable clearable
  search-placeholder="Rechercher…"
  no-results-text="Aucun résultat"
  no-options-text="Aucune option"
  clear-label="Effacer la sélection"
  searching-label="Recherche en cours"
  loading-text="Chargement…"
  value-missing-label="Veuillez sélectionner un élément."></md-select>
```

## Anti-patterns

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Right | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Supplying `md-select-option` children **and** `options` | Pick one source | Children win outright; the array is silently ignored. |
| `<option>` or `<md-menu-item>` as children | `md-select-option` | Only its own carriers are read. |
| Styling `md-select-option` | Theme the select / menu | The carrier is `display: none`; the visible row is an `md-menu-item`. |
| Expecting `value` to be an array | It is a single string | Use `md-multi-select` for several. |
| `<md-select open>` to start expanded | Call `show()` after upgrade | The initial value of `open` does not trigger the watcher. |
| Listening for `mdValidityChange` on a shadow ancestor | Listen on the element | It is `composed: false`. |
| Handling `mdOpen` on both the select and its wrapper | Guard for `AT_TARGET` | Composed events also fire on an embedding host. |
| Virtualizing variable-height rows without `row-height` | Set it | The scroll position drifts otherwise. |
| `setQuery()` straight after kicking off a fetch | `await` the `loadOptions()` promise first | Loading replaces the option set and discards the filter. |
| Reaching for `virtualize` just to get a search box | `filterable` alone | It filters markup-authored options too. |
| Expecting a per-option `icon-color` in a virtualized list | Set `--md-select-option-icon-color` | The packed row store carries no colour column. |
| Shipping the default English strings in a localized app | Feed every text prop | They all default to English. |
| A hidden `<input>` to submit the value | Use `name` | The element is already form-associated. |

## Accessibility, RTL, density, i18n

**Accessibility**
- `label` supplies the accessible name; with no visible label, `aria-label` or
  `aria-labelledby` on the host is resolved and forwarded onto the real input.
- The popup is a `role="listbox"` whose rows are `role="option"` with
  `aria-selected`. The host carries `aria-haspopup="listbox"` and deliberately
  no `aria-expanded` (the host has no role, so it would be ignored).
- With `filterable`, the in-menu search input carries `role="combobox"`,
  `aria-haspopup="listbox"`, `aria-expanded` and `aria-controls` pointing at
  the listbox. Both live in this shadow root, so do not try to wire those
  IDREFs from outside — they cannot cross the boundary. Focus differs by path:
  on a **virtualized** filterable list the input keeps focus while the popup is
  open and the active row is conveyed on it via `aria-activedescendant`; on a
  plain (non-virtualized) filterable list the menu moves real focus to the
  first option row instead, and the input gets no `aria-activedescendant`.
- `Escape` closes the menu and returns focus to the trigger.
- Errors appear in the supporting line; keep `reserve-supporting-space` on in
  dense forms so the layout does not jump.
- Set `max-height` so the menu stays reachable on short viewports.

**RTL** — field, caret and menu alignment mirror under `dir="rtl"`.
`placement` is logical (`bottom-start` follows reading order).

**Density** — `density="-1"` … `density="-4"` compacts the trigger and the menu
rows. There is no `density="0"` rung: 0 is the uncompacted default and setting
it does nothing. To opt a select out of an inherited `data-density` rung, set
`style="--md-sys-density-scale: 0"` on it — note that only resets the
calc-driven scale, not the spacing tokens the ancestor rung declares.

**i18n** — translate `label`, `placeholder`, `supporting-text`, `error-text`,
`search-placeholder`, `filter-label`, `no-results-text`, `no-options-text`,
`clear-label`, `searching-label`, `loading-text` and `value-missing-label`.
Option labels come from your data or the slotted text; keep `value` an
untranslated identifier.

## Related components

`md-select-option` · `md-multi-select` · `md-autocomplete` · `md-menu` ·
`md-menu-item` · `md-radio` · `md-text-field` · `md-segmented-button-set`

## Theming

| Custom property | Purpose | Default |
|---|---|---|
| `--md-select-width` | Host inline size | `100%` |
| `--md-select-min-width` | Host minimum inline size | `0` |
| `--md-select-caret-color` | Dropdown caret colour | `--md-sys-color-on-surface-variant` |
| `--md-select-caret-size` | Dropdown caret glyph size | `24px` |
| `--md-select-clear-color` | Clear (✕) icon + state-layer colour | the caret colour |
| `--md-select-trailing-gap` | Gap between the clear button and the caret | `2px` |
| `--md-select-option-icon-color` | Leading icon colour in option rows | `--md-sys-color-on-surface-variant` |
| `--md-select-spinner-size` | Trigger busy-spinner size while `loading` | `22px` |

**CSS parts** — `field`, `field-container`, `trailing`, `clear`, `caret`,
`loading-spinner`, `loading-bar`, `loading-progress`, `menu`, `option`,
`option-selected`, `option-icon`, `search`, `search-wrap`, `search-spinner`.

The composed field and menu expose their own `--md-text-field-*`, `--md-menu-*`
and `--md-menu-item-*` properties, which flow through when set on the host.

```css
md-select {
  --md-select-min-width: 220px;
  --md-select-caret-color: var(--md-sys-color-primary);
}

md-select::part(option-selected) {
  font-weight: 600;
}
```

<!-- Auto Generated Below -->


## Overview

`md-select` — Material Design 3 single-select dropdown.

Composes the library's own primitives instead of re-implementing them:
  - `md-text-field` is the trigger surface, so the picker inherits the
    full filled/outlined visuals, density scale, floating label, error
    state, supporting text, and focus ring of every other input. It is
    `readonly` (not editable) and `appear-focused` while the menu is open
    so the field + menu read as one connected control.
  - `md-menu` is the option surface, so the picker inherits open/close
    motion, viewport-aware positioning, single-open coordination, roving
    tabindex, type-ahead, and Escape/Home/End — for free.

Options are authored either declaratively as slotted `<md-select-option>`
children (primary API) or via the programmatic `options` array. Each
becomes a `type="radio"` `md-menu-item` so only one is ever selected.

## Properties

| Property                 | Attribute                  | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | Type                                                         | Default                                |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| `clearIcon`              | `clear-icon`               | Icon (Material Symbols name) for the clear button (`clearable`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `string`                                                     | `'close'`                              |
| `clearLabel`             | `clear-label`              | Accessible label for the clear button (`clearable`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `string`                                                     | `'Clear selection'`                    |
| `clearable`              | `clearable`                | Show a clear (✕) button in the trigger when a value is selected.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `density`                | `density`                  | Density forwarded to the inner field (0 = comfortable … -3 = compact).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `-1 \| -2 \| -3 \| -4 \| 0`                                  | `0`                                    |
| `disabled`               | `disabled`                 | Disabled — non-interactive.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `dropdownIcon`           | `dropdown-icon`            | Caret icon; rotates 180° when open. Slot `dropdown-icon` overrides it.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         | `string`                                                     | `'arrow_drop_down'`                    |
| `error`                  | `error`                    | Error state — forwarded to the inner field.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `errorText`              | `error-text`               | Error text rendered in place of supporting text when `error` is set.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `filterLabel`            | `filter-label`             | Accessible name for the filter field. Falls back to `Filter <label>`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `filterMode`             | `filter-mode`              | Filter strategy used by `filterable` / `setQuery`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | `"fuzzy" \| "prefix" \| "substring"`                         | `'substring'`                          |
| `filterable`             | `filterable`               | Show a search field in the menu header. A plain list filters client-side on label / supporting text; a virtualized one filters inside the WASM engine. Closing the menu clears the query.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `fullWidth`              | `full-width`               | Stretch the control to fill its parent's inline width (otherwise it sizes to a sensible default). The dropdown follows when `match-trigger-width` is set.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `label`                  | `label`                    | Floating label / accessible name.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `loading`                | `loading`                  | Show a busy state: the trigger shows a spinner instead of the caret and the host is `aria-busy`. Use while an async dataset loads (e.g. before/around a large `loadOptions`). Replace the spinner with the `loader` slot.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `loadingText`            | `loading-text`             | Text shown in the trigger / menu while `loading` is true.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | `string`                                                     | `'Loading…'`                           |
| `matchTriggerWidth`      | `match-trigger-width`      | Match the dropdown width to the trigger width. When `false` the menu sizes to its content (down to its own min-width). Maps to `md-menu`'s `match-anchor-width`. Default `true` — the expected select behaviour.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `boolean`                                                    | `true`                                 |
| `maxHeight`              | `max-height`               | Cap the dropdown height. When the options exceed it the list scrolls vertically with top/bottom edge shadows. A number is pixels; any CSS length is passed through (e.g. `'50vh'`). Forwarded to `md-menu`'s `max-height`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | `number \| string \| undefined`                              | `undefined`                            |
| `name`                   | `name`                     | Form field name. The selected value is submitted under this name.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `noOptionsText`          | `no-options-text`          | Empty-state text when there are no options at all.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | `string`                                                     | `'No options'`                         |
| `noResultsText`          | `no-results-text`          | Empty-state text when a filter matches nothing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | `string`                                                     | `'No results'`                         |
| `open`                   | `open`                     | Open state of the dropdown. Reflected so `:host([open])` rules apply.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `options`                | --                         | Programmatic options. Ignored when `<md-select-option>` children exist.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `SelectOptionInit[]`                                         | `[]`                                   |
| `placeholder`            | `placeholder`              | Placeholder shown when no value is selected.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `placement`              | `placement`                | Menu placement relative to the trigger — forwarded to `md-menu`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | `"bottom-end" \| "bottom-start" \| "top-end" \| "top-start"` | `'bottom-start'`                       |
| `required`               | `required`                 | Required (form validation parity).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `reserveSupportingSpace` | `reserve-supporting-space` | Always occupy the supporting-text line, even when there is no message, so a validation error does not push the content below it down. Forwarded to the embedded md-text-field. See that component for why it is opt-in.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `boolean`                                                    | `false`                                |
| `rowHeight`              | `row-height`               | Fixed virtualized row height (px). Auto-measured from the first row if unset.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | `number \| undefined`                                        | `undefined`                            |
| `searchPlaceholder`      | `search-placeholder`       | Placeholder for the in-menu filter field (`filterable`).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | `string`                                                     | `'Search…'`                            |
| `searchingLabel`         | `searching-label`          | Accessible label for the in-menu loading spinner while filtering.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | `string`                                                     | `'Searching'`                          |
| `supportingText`         | `supporting-text`          | Supporting / helper text rendered below the field.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `value`                  | `value`                    | Selected option value. Empty string = nothing selected.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | `string`                                                     | `''`                                   |
| `valueMissingLabel`      | `value-missing-label`      | Localized constraint-validation message shown when `required` is unmet.  A prop rather than a hardcoded string, matching md-time-picker's `value-missing-label`: components stay i18n-engine-agnostic and the consumer localizes through its own dictionary. Native inputs get their message from the browser's locale for free; a form-associated custom element supplies its own, so leaving this hardcoded would ship an English-only form to every locale. | `string`                                                     | `'Please select an item in the list.'` |
| `variant`                | `variant`                  | Visual variant — forwarded to the inner `md-text-field`.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | `"filled" \| "outlined"`                                     | `'outlined'`                           |
| `virtualize`             | `virtualize`               | Virtualization mode for large option lists (backed by a WASM data engine):   - `'auto'` (default): virtualize only above `VIRTUALIZE_THRESHOLD` rows.   - `'always'`: always virtualize the `options` / `loadOptions` dataset.   - `'never'`: keep the classic DOM rendering regardless of size. Virtualized rows render label + selection only (no per-row icon / supporting text) and assume a uniform row height.                                           | `"always" \| "auto" \| "never"`                              | `'auto'`                               |


## Events

| Event              | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              | Type                                                                                          |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `mdChange`         | Emits the newly selected value whenever the selection changes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `CustomEvent<string>`                                                                         |
| `mdClose`          | Emits when the dropdown closes.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | `CustomEvent<void>`                                                                           |
| `mdOpen`           | Emits when the dropdown opens.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           | `CustomEvent<void>`                                                                           |
| `mdValidityChange` | Fires when this control's validity CHANGES — never on every keystroke, and never for a re-publish that lands on the same state.  `composed: false` is deliberate. Composites like md-select embed an md-text-field, and a composed event escapes that inner shadow root, so a listener on md-select would receive the inner field's event as well as the host's — two events, different payloads, for one logical control. Keeping it uncomposed means each component reports only for itself, while `bubbles: true` still lets a <form> or app root hear every control. | `CustomEvent<{ valid: boolean; validationMessage: string; flags: Record<string, boolean>; }>` |


## Methods

### `checkValidity() => Promise<boolean>`

Constraint-validation API, matching md-text-field and the native contract.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<boolean>`



### `close() => Promise<void>`

Close the dropdown programmatically.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `focusTrigger() => Promise<void>`

Move focus to the trigger field.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `getLabels(values: string[]) => Promise<Record<string, string>>`

Resolve labels for values that may be outside the current filter/window.

#### Parameters

| Name     | Type       | Description |
| -------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| `values` | `string[]` |             |

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<Record<string, string>>`



### `getValidity() => Promise<{ valid: boolean; validationMessage: string; flags: Record<string, boolean>; }>`

Current validity: boolean, message and flags. Mirrors md-text-field.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<{ valid: boolean; validationMessage: string; flags: Record<string, boolean>; }>`



### `loadOptions(source: SelectOptionInit[] | OptionRowSource) => Promise<void>`

Load a large dataset into the WASM-backed virtualized list (the high-scale
entry point). Accepts a materialised `SelectOptionInit[]` or a row factory
(`{ count, getRow }`) — the factory streams rows into WASM one at a time, so
tens of millions of options never exist as JS objects at once. Falls back to
plain DOM rendering when `virtualize="never"` or WebAssembly is unavailable.

#### Parameters

| Name     | Type                                    | Description |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| `source` | `OptionRowSource \| SelectOptionInit[]` |             |

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `reportValidity() => Promise<boolean>`

Like checkValidity(), but also shows the browser's validation message.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<boolean>`



### `reset() => Promise<void>`

Clear the selection.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `setCustomValidity(message: string) => Promise<void>`

App/server-side validation: a non-empty message marks the control invalid
for its form until cleared with an empty string.

#### Parameters

| Name      | Type     | Description |
| --------- | -------- | ----------- |
| `message` | `string` |             |

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `setQuery(query: string) => Promise<void>`

Filter the menu exactly as typing into the in-menu search field would — the text
is mirrored into that field too, so the list and the box agree. Apply it AFTER
`loadOptions()` has resolved: loading replaces the whole option set and would
overwrite the filter.

#### Parameters

| Name    | Type     | Description |
| ------- | -------- | ----------- |
| `query` | `string` |             |

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`



### `show() => Promise<void>`

Open the dropdown programmatically.

#### Returns

Type: `Promise<void>`




## Slots

| Slot              | Description                                                           |
| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|                   | `md-select-option` children for the dropdown (primary authoring API). |
| `"dropdown-icon"` | Replaces the caret glyph (e.g. a custom SVG). Rotates 180° when open. |
| `"loader"`        | Replaces the busy-state spinner shown in the trigger while `loading`. |


## Shadow Parts

| Part                 | Description                                                    |
| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `"caret"`            | The dropdown caret glyph.                                      |
| `"clear"`            | The clear (✕) `md-icon-button`.                                |
| `"field"`            | The inner `md-text-field` trigger surface.                     |
| `"field-container"`  | The text-field's container box (border/fill).                  |
| `"loading-bar"`      | The busy-state container in the menu (`loading`).              |
| `"loading-progress"` | The wavy progress indicator shown in the menu while `loading`. |
| `"loading-spinner"`  | The busy-state spinner in the trigger (`loading`).             |
| `"menu"`             | The `md-menu` option surface.                                  |
| `"option"`           | Each option row (`md-menu-item`).                              |
| `"option-icon"`      | An option's leading icon.                                      |
| `"option-selected"`  | The currently selected option row.                             |
| `"search"`           | The filter input (`filterable`).                               |
| `"search-spinner"`   | The in-menu spinner shown while filtering.                     |
| `"search-wrap"`      |                                                                |
| `"trailing"`         | The trailing cluster wrapping the clear + caret.               |


## Dependencies

### Used by

 - [md-table-pagination](../md-table-pagination)

### Depends on

- [md-text-field](../md-text-field)
- [md-loading-indicator](../md-loading-indicator)
- [md-icon-button](../md-icon-button)
- [md-menu-item](../md-menu-item)
- [md-menu](../md-menu)
- [md-progress-indicator](../md-progress-indicator)

### Graph
```mermaid
graph TD;
  md-select --> md-text-field
  md-select --> md-loading-indicator
  md-select --> md-icon-button
  md-select --> md-menu-item
  md-select --> md-menu
  md-select --> md-progress-indicator
  md-icon-button --> md-ripple
  md-menu-item --> md-ripple
  md-table-pagination --> md-select
  style md-select fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px
```

----------------------------------------------

*Built with [StencilJS](https://stenciljs.com/)*

AWC UI Operator’s Manual

# main-llm.md — AWC UI build director

<!-- llm:meta
role: director
audience: llm
library: "@awc-ui/core"
component-count: 57
sub-component-count: 24
manual-count: 81
per-component-docs: ./packages/core/src/components/<tag>/readme.md
-->

**You are building a web app with AWC UI, a Material Design 3 web-component
library.** This file is the entry point and the only document you need before
writing UI code. Everything here is self-contained: tokens, recipes,
composition rules and the ship checklist. Per-component detail lives in
`./packages/core/src/components/<tag>/readme.md` — e.g.
[`md-button`](./packages/core/src/components/md-button/readme.md).

Your job, in order:

1. **Interview** the user (§1). Do not skip it and do not guess.
2. **Lock the configuration** their answers imply (§2) and bootstrap it (§3–§4).
3. **Route every UI need through the decision matrix** (§5) — never pick a
   component by name-similarity.
4. **Load the component's readme.md before writing a single line of its
   markup** (§6). The file is
   `./packages/core/src/components/<tag>/readme.md` — read it in full, do not
   skim it, and do not write the markup from memory of a similar library. Each
   one has a `When NOT to use`, a `Do / Don't` table sourced from
   [m3.material.io](https://m3.material.io), and an `Anti-patterns` table of
   mistakes models actually make. If you are about to use three components,
   load all three readmes first.
5. **Check what nests inside what** (§7) and start from a recipe (§8) rather
   than from a blank page.
6. **Apply the universal rules** (§9) — the API, content and accessibility
   rules every component is bound by, and the ones §10 checks you against.
7. **Run the ship checklist** (§10) before declaring done.

**Fail closed.** If you cannot satisfy a step — no component fits, a token
doesn't exist, an accessible name has nowhere to come from — say so and ask.
Do not invent an `md-*` tag, a prop, or a token. If it is not in this file or
in the component's manual, it does not exist.

---

## §1 — Interview the user

Ask these **one at a time**, in this order. Each answer closes off decisions
downstream, so don't batch them into a wall of questions. Skip a question only
if the user has already answered it unprompted.

If the user says "just pick sensible defaults", use the **bold** option and tell
them what you chose.

### 1.1 Scope and shape

1. **What is the app?** One or two sentences — domain, primary job, who uses it.
2. **What kind of surface is it?**
   - Internal tool / admin console / dashboard
   - Data-heavy CRUD application
   - Consumer-facing product
   - Marketing or content site
   - Mobile-first / PWA
3. **Which framework?** React · Angular · Vue · Svelte · **plain HTML** ·
   Next · Nuxt · SvelteKit · Astro
4. **Does it server-render?** (SSR/SSG, or **client-only SPA**)
5. **Roughly how many distinct screens**, and what are the top 3?

### 1.2 Look and feel

6. **Density** — how much information per screen?
   - `0` — **default**, comfortable, touch-friendly
   - `-1` / `-2` — compact; typical for admin consoles
   - `-3` / `-4` — ultra-compact; dense data tables, trading/ops screens
7. **Theme** — light only, dark only, or **both with a user toggle**?
   Does it follow the OS preference?
8. **Brand color** — a seed/primary color, or **stock MD3 palette**?
9. **Expressive motion** — keep **ripple and shape-morph on** (default), or turn
   them off for a flatter, more utilitarian feel?
10. **Shape language** — **rounded** (MD3 default) or squared?

### 1.3 Internationalization

11. **How many locales**, and which?
12. **Any RTL locales** (Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, Urdu)? — this changes layout
    verification and directional-icon handling.
13. **Which i18n engine?** (i18next, vue-i18n, ngx-translate, Paraglide, custom)
    Components are engine-agnostic — you localize in the consumer layer.
14. **Locale-formatted values** — dates, numbers, currency? Which locale drives
    `Intl`?

### 1.4 Data and forms

15. **Is there significant tabular data?** How many rows, and is it
    server-paged? (Drives how you page `md-table` — it holds the state, you
    supply each page of rows.)
16. **Are there charts?** Which questions should they answer?
17. **How heavy are the forms?** Validation rules, async validation, multi-step?
18. **Rich text editing anywhere?** — ⚠️ **AWC UI has no RTE component.** If yes,
    you must integrate a third-party editor (TipTap, Lexical, Quill) and style
    it to the MD3 tokens yourself. Confirm this with the user explicitly.

### 1.5 Constraints

19. **Accessibility target** — **WCAG 2.1 AA** (what the library is tested to),
    or stricter?
20. **Browser/device support floor?**
21. **Anything already decided** you must not change — existing design system,
    router, state library, CSS approach?

---

## §2 — Map answers to configuration

| Answer | What you set |
|---|---|
| Admin console / data-heavy | `data-density="-1"` or `-2` on `<html>`; prefer `size="xs"`/`"sm"` on actions |
| Consumer / marketing | leave density alone (`0` is the default); larger button sizes (`md`/`lg`) for CTAs |
| Mobile-first | `md-navigation-bar` + `md-fab`; avoid `md-navigation-rail`, `md-transfer-list`, wide tables |
| Desktop-first | `md-navigation-rail` or `md-app-bar`; rail over bottom bar |
| Dark mode | `data-theme="dark"` on `<html>`; wire a toggle, and mirror OS via `prefers-color-scheme` |
| Both themes with toggle | persist the choice; set the attribute before first paint to avoid a flash |
| Brand color | override the `--md-sys-color-*` roles in your own stylesheet, loaded after the tokens (§4.2) |
| Flat / utilitarian | `data-ripple="off"` and `data-shape-morph="off"` on `<html>` |
| Any RTL locale | `dir="rtl"` on `<html>`; add `mirror-icon` to `md-button`s with directional glyphs; swap the glyph name yourself everywhere else (§4.5) |
| Multiple locales | build a dictionary in the consumer layer and feed component text props from it; never hardcode strings in markup |
| `Intl`-formatted values | pass a `locale` prop where a component exposes one; format everything else before it reaches the component |
| SSR | import from `@awc-ui/core/hydrate` on the server; use the client/server wrappers in `@awc-ui/react` |
| Heavy forms | components are form-associated via `ElementInternals` — use a real `<form>`, `md-button type="submit"`, and native `required` (§4.7) |
| Rich text | integrate a third-party editor; there is no `md-rich-text` |

### 2.1 Global switches — the complete set

All are attributes on `<html>` (or any ancestor; the nearest one wins).

```html
<html
  lang="en"
  dir="ltr"                  <!-- or rtl -->
  data-theme="dark"          <!-- omit for light -->
  data-density="-1"          <!-- -1 … -4; see below -->
  data-ripple="off"          <!-- default on -->
  data-shape-morph="off"     <!-- default on -->
>
```

**`data-density="0"` is inert.** No `[density="0"]` rule exists — density `0` is
simply the base values on `:root`, and a `0` rule would pin them onto every
element (reflected props write `density="0"` almost everywhere) and break global
inheritance. So the *overriding* range is `-1 … -4`. To escape an inherited rung
for one subtree, reset the scale directly:

```css
.opt-out-of-density { --md-sys-density-scale: 0; }
```

Per-component overrides beat the global one: a `density` prop, or
`ripple="off"` / `shape-morph="off"` on the element. **53 of the 57 top-level
components expose a `density` prop.** The four that don't: `md-divider`,
`md-ripple`, `md-sparkline`, `md-tabs`. (Nine sub-components also lack one —
they inherit density from the parent that owns their layout.)

---

## §3 — Install and bootstrap

```bash
npm install @awc-ui/core
```

**Register everything (recommended).** Two imports, once per app entry — one
defines every component, one loads the tokens. Both come from `@awc-ui/core`
itself, so this path needs no second package:

```ts
import { defineCustomElements } from '@awc-ui/core/loader';
import '@awc-ui/core/css/tokens.css';

defineCustomElements(window);
```

`@awc-ui/core/css/tokens.css` is the complete, self-contained token sheet —
light and dark colour roles, shape, elevation, motion, typescale, spacing and
z-index. It is the same set documented in §4.1.

**One-line alternative.** `@awc-ui/core/define` does both steps in a single
import. It loads the package's own token sheet, so it needs nothing else
installed:

```ts
import '@awc-ui/core/define'; // defines every component + loads the token sheet
```

`define` is client-only (it eval-guards `window`) and, because it imports CSS,
it needs a bundler. Never import it into a server graph.

**Per-component registration**, for size-sensitive bundles — load the token
sheet once yourself:

```ts
import '@awc-ui/core/css/tokens.css';
import '@awc-ui/core/components/md-button';
import '@awc-ui/core/components/md-text-field';
```

**Framework wrappers** — use these instead of raw elements; they handle
registration, typed props, and event binding. Below the version floor, drop to
the raw custom elements and the `loader` import above.

| Framework | Package | Requires |
|---|---|---|
| React / Next | `@awc-ui/react` | React 18+ |
| Angular | `@awc-ui/angular` (`AwcUiModule`) | Angular 17+ |
| Vue / Nuxt | `@awc-ui/vue` | Vue 3 |
| Svelte / SvelteKit | `@awc-ui/svelte` | Svelte 4+ |
| Plain HTML / Astro | `@awc-ui/core/loader` | — |

**SSR** — `@awc-ui/core/hydrate` renders Declarative Shadow DOM on the server.
`@awc-ui/react` ships matching client/server wrappers. Keep `define` and
`loader` out of the server graph; both are browser entries.

**Fonts** — components expect Roboto and Material Symbols Outlined to be
available. The library does **not** inject them. Every `icon="…"` prop renders a
Material Symbols glyph inside shadow DOM, so the font must be registered at the
**document** level (font registration crosses shadow boundaries; class rules do
not — the components declare the class rule inside their own roots):

```html
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;500&display=swap">
```

To swap the whole library to a different Material Symbols cut, set
`--md-sys-icon-font-family` on `:root` and load the matching `@font-face`.

---

## §4 — Global configuration reference

### 4.1 The token system

All AWC UI styling resolves to design tokens. **Never hardcode hex colours,
pixel radii, shadows, or font stacks** — they break theming, dark mode, density
and RTL in one stroke. Every value below is a real custom property defined by
`@awc-ui/tokens`; you may read them, and you may override them.

#### Color roles

Light is the default; `[data-theme="dark"]` swaps the palette. Every role has a
matching `on-` role for content drawn on top of it.

| Token | Light | Dark | Typical usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| `--md-sys-color-primary` | `#6750A4` | `#D0BCFF` | Filled buttons, active states |
| `--md-sys-color-on-primary` | `#FFFFFF` | `#381E72` | Text/icons on primary |
| `--md-sys-color-primary-container` | `#EADDFF` | `#4F378B` | FAB, selected segments |
| `--md-sys-color-on-primary-container` | `#21005D` | `#EADDFF` | Text on primary-container |
| `--md-sys-color-secondary` | `#625B71` | `#CCC2DC` | Secondary accents |
| `--md-sys-color-secondary-container` | `#E8DEF8` | `#4A4458` | Tonal buttons, chips |
| `--md-sys-color-tertiary` | `#7D5260` | `#EFB8C8` | Tertiary accents |
| `--md-sys-color-tertiary-container` | `#FFD8E4` | `#633B48` | Tertiary surfaces |
| `--md-sys-color-error` | `#B3261E` | `#F2B8B5` | Error / destructive |
| `--md-sys-color-on-error` | `#FFFFFF` | `#601410` | Content on error |
| `--md-sys-color-error-container` | `#F9DEDC` | `#8C1D18` | Error surfaces |
| `--md-sys-color-surface` | `#FFFBFE` | `#1C1B1F` | Page / card background |
| `--md-sys-color-on-surface` | `#1C1B1F` | `#E6E1E5` | Body text |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-variant` | `#E7E0EC` | `#49454F` | Muted fills |
| `--md-sys-color-on-surface-variant` | `#49454F` | `#CAC4D0` | Secondary text, icons |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-container-lowest` | `#FFFFFF` | `#0F0D13` | Lowest surface tier |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-container-low` | `#F7F2FA` | `#1D1B20` | Card / elevated button bg |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-container` | `#F3EDF7` | `#211F26` | Default container tier |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-container-high` | `#ECE6F0` | `#2B2930` | Dialog / menu surfaces |
| `--md-sys-color-surface-container-highest` | `#E6E0E9` | `#36343B` | Highest surface tier |
| `--md-sys-color-outline` | `#79747E` | `#938F99` | Borders (3:1 contrast) |
| `--md-sys-color-outline-variant` | `#CAC4D0` | `#49454F` | Dividers (low contrast) |
| `--md-sys-color-inverse-surface` | `#313033` | `#E6E1E5` | Snackbar, inverse chips |
| `--md-sys-color-inverse-on-surface` | `#F4EFF4` | `#313033` | Content on inverse-surface |
| `--md-sys-color-scrim` | `#000000` | `#000000` | Modal scrims |

**Semantic status roles** — beyond the baseline M3 palette, the library adds
`success`, `warning` and `info`, each with `on-`, `-container` and
`on-…-container` companions, in both themes, AA-verified. Used by `md-chip`,
`md-badge`, `md-meter`, `md-status-dot`.

| Token | Light | Dark |
|---|---|---|
| `--md-sys-color-success` | `#2E6B4F` | `#9DD5B0` |
| `--md-sys-color-success-container` | `#B8F0CE` | `#14512F` |
| `--md-sys-color-warning` | `#7A5900` | `#EFC148` |
| `--md-sys-color-warning-container` | `#FFDF9B` | `#5C4200` |
| `--md-sys-color-info` | `#38608F` | `#A2C9FE` |
| `--md-sys-color-info-container` | `#D3E4FF` | `#1E4975` |

#### Shape tokens

| Token | Value | Typical usage |
|---|---|---|
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-none` | `0px` | Square edges |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-extra-small` | `4px` | Snackbar, small chips |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-small` | `8px` | Cards (outlined), small surfaces |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-medium` | `12px` | Cards (default), inputs |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-large` | `16px` | Dialogs, large cards |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-extra-large` | `28px` | Bottom sheets |
| `--md-sys-shape-corner-full` | `9999px` | Buttons, chips, FAB |

Partial-corner variants also exist for surfaces that meet an edge:
`--md-sys-shape-corner-extra-small-top`, `-large-top`, `-large-end`,
`-extra-large-top`. Their values are four-value `border-radius` shorthands
(e.g. `16px 16px 0px 0px`), so assign them to `border-radius`, not to a single
corner.

#### Elevation tokens

`-0` is the keyword `none`; `-1` through `-5` are complete `box-shadow` values,
and those five are **re-declared with deeper shadows under `[data-theme="dark"]`**
— so always use the token rather than copying its value.

| Token | When |
|---|---|
| `--md-sys-elevation-0` | `none` — resting cards, flat surfaces |
| `--md-sys-elevation-1` | Elevated buttons and cards at rest |
| `--md-sys-elevation-2` | Hover bump |
| `--md-sys-elevation-3` | FAB, menus, dialogs at rest |
| `--md-sys-elevation-4` – `-5` | Reserved for the most prominent surfaces |

#### Motion tokens

Durations come in four families of four: `short1…4` (50/100/150/200ms),
`medium1…4` (250/300/350/400ms), `long1…4` (450/500/550/600ms), and
`extra-long1…4` (700/800/900/1000ms).

| Token | Value | When |
|---|---|---|
| `--md-sys-motion-duration-short2` | `100ms` | Buttons, ripples, state layers |
| `--md-sys-motion-duration-medium2` | `300ms` | Dialogs, sheets, menus |
| `--md-sys-motion-duration-long2` | `500ms` | Large surface transitions |
| `--md-sys-motion-duration-extra-long1` | `700ms` | Ambient / chart entrances |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-standard` | `cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1)` | Small utility transitions |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-standard-accelerate` | `cubic-bezier(0.3, 0, 1, 1)` | Exits |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-standard-decelerate` | `cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0, 1)` | Entrances |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-emphasized` | `cubic-bezier(0.2, 0, 0, 1)` | Expressive transitions |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-emphasized-accelerate` | `cubic-bezier(0.3, 0, 0.8, 0.15)` | Expressive exits |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-emphasized-decelerate` | `cubic-bezier(0.05, 0.7, 0.1, 1)` | Expressive entrances |
| `--md-sys-motion-easing-linear` | `linear` | Progress, indeterminate loops |

> `--md-sys-motion-easing-emphasized` deliberately equals the standard curve:
> the full M3 emphasized curve is a two-phase path interpolator that CSS cannot
> express. The accelerate and decelerate halves *are* expressible, and are the
> ones to reach for.

MD3 Expressive also ships spring pairs, each an easing plus its natural
duration: `--md-sys-motion-spring-{spatial,effects}-{fast,default,slow}-easing`
and `…-duration`. Spatial = position/size/shape; effects = colour/opacity.

#### State-layer opacities

| Token | Value |
|---|---|
| `--md-sys-state-hover-state-layer-opacity` | `0.08` |
| `--md-sys-state-focus-state-layer-opacity` | `0.12` |
| `--md-sys-state-pressed-state-layer-opacity` | `0.12` |
| `--md-sys-state-dragged-state-layer-opacity` | `0.16` |
| `--md-sys-state-disabled-container-opacity` | `0.12` |
| `--md-sys-state-disabled-content-opacity` | `0.38` |

#### Typography, spacing and layering

- **Typescale** — `--md-sys-typescale-<role>-<size>-*` for
  `display`/`headline`/`title`/`label`/`body` × `large`/`medium`/`small`. Each
  role exposes `-font-family`, `-font-size`, `-line-height`, `-font-weight`,
  `-letter-spacing`, plus a `-font` shorthand
  (e.g. `--md-sys-typescale-headline-medium-font: 400 28px/36px Roboto, sans-serif`).
  Use the shorthand on the `font` property for headings you write yourself.
- **Spacing** — a 4px scale that tightens with density:
  `--md-sys-spacing-inset-{xs,sm,md,lg,xl}` (internal padding, 4/8/12/16/24px)
  and `--md-sys-spacing-gap-{xs,sm,md,lg}` (between siblings, 4/8/12/16px), plus
  `--md-sys-spacing-row-height` (`56px` at density 0).
- **Layering** — `--md-sys-z-index-app-bar` (100), `-navigation` (200),
  `-bottom-sheet` (300), `-popup` (1000), `-dialog-scrim` (1001), `-tooltip`
  (1500), `-snackbar` (2000). Use these instead of inventing z-indexes, or your
  overlay will land under a menu.

### 4.2 Theming and rebranding

To rebrand, redefine the role variables **after** the tokens stylesheet — both
themes, or dark mode inherits your light brand colour:

```css
:root {
  --md-sys-color-primary: #00629E;
  --md-sys-color-on-primary: #FFFFFF;
  --md-sys-color-primary-container: #CFE5FF;
  --md-sys-color-on-primary-container: #001D33;
}
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --md-sys-color-primary: #9BCBFF;
  --md-sys-color-on-primary: #003354;
  --md-sys-color-primary-container: #004A78;
  --md-sys-color-on-primary-container: #CFE5FF;
}
```

Per-component knobs are `--md-<component>-*` custom properties, listed in each
manual's Theming section (`--md-button-container-color`,
`--md-card-container-shape`, …). Prefer those over `::part()`, and prefer
`::part()` over reaching into shadow internals, which are unstable and will
break on any release.

**Overriding a colour role forfeits the library's contrast testing.** Re-verify
AA (4.5:1 text, 3:1 borders and dividers) after any palette change. The Theme
Generator at <https://awc-ui.dev/theme-generator> takes a seed colour, emits both
palettes as `--md-sys-color-*` overrides, and runs the WCAG checks live — use it
rather than hand-picking container and `on-` pairs.

### 4.3 Density

`data-density` steps `-1 → -4`; each rung trims ~4px of padding and touch
target, driving `--md-sys-density-scale` and the spacing tokens. `-4` is the
floor. Set it globally, override locally with the `density` prop. Do not go
below `-2` on touch-primary surfaces — you will break the 48px target.

Two details that bite:

- **`density="0"` does nothing** — see §2 for why, and for the
  `--md-sys-density-scale: 0` escape hatch.
- **`md-table` accepts two vocabularies**: the semantic `compact` / `standard` /
  `comfortable` (row heights 36 / 52 / 60px) *and* the numeric rungs. They
  compose — `density="compact"` inside a `data-density="-2"` region condenses
  further.

### 4.4 Dark mode

Set `data-theme="dark"` on `<html>` (or any ancestor — the nearest wins). The
tokens swap automatically and inherit across every shadow boundary; no
per-component code. To mirror the OS, read `prefers-color-scheme` and write the
attribute **before first paint**, or the page flashes light.

### 4.5 RTL

Layout is written with CSS logical properties, so it flips with `dir="rtl"`
without extra work. Two things still need you:

- **Directional glyphs do not flip.** Material Symbols are not auto-mirrored.
  `md-button` has a `mirror-icon` prop that mirrors its own leading/trailing
  glyph — set it on buttons using arrows, chevrons, `send`, `reply`, and leave
  it off for `add`, `search`, `favorite`. **`mirror-icon` exists only on
  `md-button`.** Everywhere else — `md-icon-button icon="…"`, `md-list-item`
  leading/trailing icons, `md-app-bar leading-icon` — swap the glyph name
  yourself (`arrow_back` ↔ `arrow_forward`).
- **Icon props you supply yourself** — e.g. `md-transfer-list`'s
  `move-right-icon` / `move-left-icon` / `move-all-*-icon` — must be swapped by
  you when the direction flips.

Never write physical CSS (`margin-left`, `padding-right`, `left`) around these
components. Use `margin-inline-start`, `padding-inline-end`, `inset-inline-end`.

### 4.6 Internationalization

Components are **i18n-engine-agnostic by design**. Every user-visible string is
either slotted content or a prop. Localize in the consumer layer: resolve your
dictionary to plain strings, then pass them in. Do not add a translation engine
inside a component. `locale` props exist only where a component computes an
`Intl`-formatted value itself: `md-date-picker`, `md-number-field`,
`md-meter`, `md-dialog`, and the charts (`md-bar-chart`, `md-line-chart`,
`md-area-chart`, `md-pie-chart`). `md-time-picker` has no
`locale` prop — it takes `format="12h" | "24h"` instead.

Templated strings keep their placeholder tokens when translated — translate
around the braces, don't remove them:

```html
<md-transfer-list count-template="{checked} / {total} ausgewählt"></md-transfer-list>
```

Other templated props: `md-autocomplete status-template`, `md-otp-field
cell-label-template`. Default prop values are English (`Search`, `Dismiss`,
`No results`, `Move selected to target`, …) — every one of them needs
translating in a localized app.

### 4.7 Forms and validation

Fourteen components are form-associated via `ElementInternals`, so they
participate in `FormData` and constraint validation like native controls:

`md-text-field` · `md-number-field` · `md-otp-field` · `md-select` ·
`md-multi-select` · `md-autocomplete` · `md-checkbox` · `md-radio` ·
`md-switch` · `md-slider` · `md-rating` · `md-date-picker` · `md-time-picker` ·
`md-button`

Rules:

- Use a real `<form>`. `md-button type="submit"` calls `form.requestSubmit()`
  (not `submit()`), so the `submit` event fires **and** built-in constraint
  validation runs. `required` genuinely blocks submit.
  `md-button type="reset"` calls `form.reset()`.
- Give every control a `name`, or it will not appear in `FormData`.
- Do **not** add hidden `<input>`s to mirror values — that's the old pattern and
  it double-submits.
- Validity changes are announced on a `mdValidityChange` event on the control.
  Error presentation is `error` + `error-text` on the field.
- Boolean state props differ by control — `md-checkbox` uses `checked`,
  `md-switch` uses **`selected`**, `md-select-option` uses `selected`. Check the
  manual; guessing `checked` on a switch silently does nothing.

---

## §5 — Component decision matrix

Route by **need**, not by name. If the need isn't listed, find the closest row
and read that component's `When NOT to use`.

### 5.1 Actions

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| Discrete labelled action | `md-button` | `md-chip`, raw `<button>` |
| Icon-only action | `md-icon-button` | `md-button` with no label |
| A destructive action | `md-button` + `md-dialog` to confirm | an unconfirmed `filled` button |
| The single most prominent screen action (mobile) | `md-fab` | a second `filled` `md-button` |
| One prominent action that expands to several | `md-fab-menu` + `md-fab-menu-item` | a stack of FABs |
| Primary action + variants of it | `md-split-button` | button + separate menu |
| 2–5 related actions as one unit | `md-button-group` | loose adjacent buttons |
| Mutually exclusive view/mode switch | `md-segmented-button-set` + `md-segmented-button` | radio buttons, tabs |
| Overflow / contextual actions | `md-menu` + `md-menu-item` | a row of text buttons |

### 5.2 Text input

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| Any single-line or multi-line text entry | `md-text-field` | raw `<input>` |
| A number with steppers and locale formatting | `md-number-field` | `md-text-field type="number"` |
| A one-time code / PIN | `md-otp-field` | a row of text fields |
| Text entry with suggestions | `md-autocomplete` | `md-select` |
| Site/app-wide search with a results surface | `md-search` | `md-text-field` with an icon |

### 5.3 Selection

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| One of many, from a list | `md-select` + `md-select-option` | radio group over ~7 options |
| One of few (2–5), all visible | `md-radio` | `md-select` |
| Several of many | `md-multi-select` | many `md-checkbox`es |
| Several of few, all visible | `md-checkbox` | `md-multi-select` |
| Instant on/off setting | `md-switch` | `md-checkbox` |
| A value in a numeric range | `md-slider` | `md-text-field type=number` |
| Subjective score | `md-rating` | slider |
| A color | `md-color-picker` | `<input type=color>` |
| Assign a subset from a bounded pool, side by side | `md-transfer-list` | two lists + buttons |
| Filter / attribute / removable entry | `md-chip` | small buttons |
| A date | `md-date-picker` | three selects |
| A time | `md-time-picker` | text field |

### 5.4 Navigation

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| Top-level destinations, mobile | `md-navigation-bar` + `md-navigation-tab` | tabs |
| Top-level destinations, desktop | `md-navigation-rail` + `md-navigation-rail-tab` | bottom bar |
| App header: title, actions, search | `md-app-bar` | a custom `<header>` |
| A dense action strip | `md-toolbar` | app bar |
| Sibling views **within** one screen | `md-tabs` + `md-tab` + `md-tab-panels` + `md-tab-panel` | navigation bar |
| Hierarchy / where-am-I | `md-breadcrumbs` + `md-breadcrumb-item` | text links |
| A linear multi-step flow | `md-stepper` + `md-step` | tabs |
| Contextual popup actions | `md-menu` + `md-menu-item`, `md-menu-item-group`, `md-sub-menu-item` | dialog |
| Hierarchical command menu (File → Export → PDF) | `md-menu` + `md-sub-menu-item` | nested dialogs |

### 5.5 Containment and feedback

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| Group related content | `md-card` | a bare `<div>` with a border |
| Blocking decision or focused task | `md-dialog` | a new page |
| Critical error the user must acknowledge | `md-dialog` | `md-snackbar` |
| Supplementary content from the bottom (mobile) | `md-bottom-sheet` | dialog |
| Supplementary content from the side (desktop) | `md-side-sheet` | dialog |
| Brief confirmation of an action, optionally undoable | `md-snackbar` | dialog, alert |
| Explain a control on hover/focus | `md-tooltip` | a dialog or inline hint |
| Progressive disclosure of sections | `md-accordion` + `md-accordion-item` | tabs |
| Visual separation | `md-divider` | a styled `<hr>` |
| A vertical set of records | `md-list` + `md-list-item` | a table |
| Determinate/indeterminate progress | `md-progress-indicator` | spinner GIF |
| Brand-consistent page/content loading | `md-loading-indicator` | custom spinner |
| Content-shaped loading placeholder | `md-skeleton` | a spinner over the whole page |
| Count or status on an element | `md-badge` | superscript text |
| Compact status dot | `md-status-dot` | a colored emoji |
| Read-only value within a known range (quota, battery) | `md-meter` | `md-progress-indicator` |
| A person or entity image/initials | `md-avatar` | a raw `<img>` |
| Touch feedback inside a custom control | `md-ripple` | custom CSS animation |

### 5.6 Data

| Need | Use | Don't use |
|---|---|---|
| Any table | `md-table-container` wrapping `md-table`, with `-head`/`-body`/`-row`/`-cell`/`-foot` inside the table and `-toolbar`/`-pagination` beside it in the container (§7.1) | a native `<table>` |
| Sorting, selection, paging on that table | the same parts — `md-table` carries the STATE (`sort-by`, `sort-order`, `selection`, `row-offset`, `row-count`, `loading`) and emits events; you own the data and do the actual sorting/paging | expecting it to sort an array for you |
| Hierarchy / reporting lines | `md-organization-chart` | nested lists |
| Compare categories | `md-bar-chart` | pie chart |
| Trend over time | `md-line-chart` | bar chart |
| Trend with cumulative volume | `md-area-chart` | line chart |
| Parts of a whole (≤ ~6 slices) | `md-pie-chart` | bar chart |
| Inline micro-trend in a cell or card | `md-sparkline` | a full chart |

> **There is no data-driven table component.** `md-table` is composable: you
> render the rows. It tracks and announces sort, selection and pagination state
> and emits events when the user changes them, but the sorting, filtering and
> slicing of your data is yours to perform. Render rows from your own array in
> response to those events.

### 5.7 Choosing the variant

The matrix picks the component; this picks its shape. Every value below is a
real enum member — anything not listed here is not a valid value.

| Component | Prop | Values, and when |
|---|---|---|
| `md-button` | `variant` | `filled` the one primary action · `tonal` a strong secondary · `outlined` secondary, and the safe choice for a destructive action behind a confirm · `text` low emphasis, dialog Cancel · `elevated` when it sits on a busy or coloured background (default `filled`) |
| `md-button` / `md-icon-button` / `md-button-group` | `size` | `xs` `sm` `md` `lg` `xl` — default `sm`; go `md`/`lg` for consumer CTAs, `xs`/`sm` for dense admin UI |
| `md-icon-button` | `variant` | `standard` (default) · `filled` · `tonal` · `outlined` |
| `md-button-group` | `variant` | `standard` spaced · `connected` fused into one bar |
| `md-fab` | `size` | `standard` (default) · `medium` · `large` |
| `md-fab` | `variant` | `primary-container` (default) · `secondary-container` · `tertiary-container` · `surface` · `primary` · `secondary` · `tertiary` |
| `md-card` | `variant` | `filled` for a group of comparable items · `elevated` (default) for a hero or featured item · `outlined` for a settings or form section |
| `md-text-field` / `md-select` | `variant` | `outlined` for forms on a surface · `filled` for dense or tinted layouts (`md-text-field` defaults to `filled`, `md-select` to `outlined`) — pick one and use it for every field on the screen |
| `md-text-field` | `type` | any native input type: `password`, `email`, `tel`, `url`, `search`, … (default `text`) |
| `md-text-field` | `multiline` | `"auto-grow"` grows with content · `"fixed"` with `rows` for a fixed comment box · `false` (default) single line |
| `md-search` | `variant` | `contained` (default) · `divided` |
| `md-app-bar` | `variant` | `small` (default) · `medium` · `large` for a prominent headline · `search` for a bar that hosts a field |
| `md-chip` | `variant` | `assist` (default) · `filter` for toggleable facets · `input` for user-entered removable values · `suggestion` |
| `md-chip` | `appearance` | `outlined` (default) · `filled` · `elevated` |
| `md-badge` | `variant` | `small` a bare dot · `large` (default) a count |
| `md-tooltip` | `variant` | `plain` (default) a short label on an icon control · `rich` an explanatory popover that may hold a link or action |
| `md-divider` | — | **no `variant`** — use the booleans `inset`, `inset-start`, `inset-end` |
| `md-side-sheet` | `variant` | `standard` coexists with page content · `modal` overlays with a scrim |
| `md-bottom-sheet` | `variant` | `standard` (default) · `detached` floating above the edge |
| `md-dialog` | `fullscreen` | boolean — a full-screen dialog for a long mobile task |
| `md-date-picker` | `variant` | `modal-input` (default) calendar plus a typed field · `modal` calendar only · `docked` inline, anchored to the field |
| `md-time-picker` | `variant` | `dial` · `input` (default) |
| `md-progress-indicator` | `variant` | `linear` (default) · `circular`; add `indeterminate` when the total is unknown |
| `md-list-item` | `lines` | `1` · `2` · `3` — must match how much supporting text you pass |
| `md-navigation-bar` | — | 3–5 destinations. Fewer than three: use `md-tabs`. More than five: a rail or a menu |
| `md-navigation-rail` | — | 3–7 destinations; cap the overflow with `max-visible` |

### 5.8 Not in the library

Rich text editor · file upload/dropzone · calendar/scheduler view · map ·
toast stack manager (use `md-snackbar` and manage the queue yourself) ·
data grid with virtualized columns. If the user needs one, say so plainly and
integrate a third-party component styled with the MD3 tokens.

**There is no `md-grid`, no `md-data-table`, no `md-layout`, no `md-icon`.**
If a tag is not listed in §6, it does not exist — do not emit it.

---

## §6 — Component inventory

**Every component has exactly one manual, and it is the readme.md in its own
source folder:**

```
./packages/core/src/components/<tag>/readme.md
```

e.g. [`md-select`](./packages/core/src/components/md-select/readme.md),
[`md-button`](./packages/core/src/components/md-button/readme.md).

**Load that file before you use the component.** There is no second, shorter
summary to rely on — this readme is the single source, so anything you do not
read there, you do not know. Each one carries When-to-use, a Do/Don't table
from M3, copy-paste patterns, an anti-patterns table, and the theming surface.

Work through them one at a time: pick the component from the decision matrix
(§5), load its readme, write that component's markup, then move to the next.

There are 81 manuals for 57 components: 24 of them document sub-components that
are only valid inside a parent (a table cell, a tab panel, a select option).
Every sub-component manual names its parent in the first line, and §7 below
summarises the nesting.

`status` in each manual's `llm:meta` block is one of:

- **`md3-mapped`** — has a Material Design 3 guidelines page; the Do/Don't is
  sourced from it.
- **`custom`** — an addition to MD3; guidance is derived house rules.
- **`sub-component`** — only valid inside a specific parent.

| Category | Components |
|---|---|
| Actions | `md-button` `md-icon-button` `md-fab` `md-fab-menu` `md-fab-menu-item` `md-split-button` `md-button-group` `md-segmented-button` `md-segmented-button-set` |
| Text input | `md-text-field` `md-number-field` `md-otp-field` `md-autocomplete` `md-search` |
| Selection | `md-select` `md-select-option` `md-multi-select` `md-checkbox` `md-radio` `md-switch` `md-slider` `md-rating` `md-color-picker` `md-transfer-list` `md-chip` |
| Pickers | `md-date-picker` `md-time-picker` |
| Navigation | `md-app-bar` `md-toolbar` `md-navigation-bar` `md-navigation-tab` `md-navigation-rail` `md-navigation-rail-tab` `md-tabs` `md-tab` `md-tab-panels` `md-tab-panel` `md-breadcrumbs` `md-breadcrumb-item` `md-menu` `md-menu-item` `md-menu-item-group` `md-sub-menu-item` `md-stepper` `md-step` |
| Containment | `md-card` `md-dialog` `md-bottom-sheet` `md-side-sheet` `md-snackbar` `md-tooltip` `md-accordion` `md-accordion-item` `md-divider` `md-list` `md-list-item` |
| Data | `md-table` `md-table-container` `md-table-head` `md-table-body` `md-table-row` `md-table-cell` `md-table-foot` `md-table-toolbar` `md-table-pagination` `md-table-sort-label` `md-table-expand-toggle` `md-organization-chart` |
| Charts | `md-bar-chart` `md-line-chart` `md-area-chart` `md-pie-chart` `md-sparkline` |
| Status & feedback | `md-progress-indicator` `md-loading-indicator` `md-skeleton` `md-badge` `md-status-dot` `md-meter` `md-avatar` `md-ripple` |

---

## §7 — Composition rules

### 7.1 What nests inside what

A sub-component is only valid inside its parent. Putting one anywhere else
produces an unstyled, unregistered-looking element with no keyboard behaviour,
because the parent is what wires roving tabindex, ARIA ids and selection.

| Parent | Children it manages |
|---|---|
| `md-button-group` | `md-button`, `md-icon-button` |
| `md-segmented-button-set` | `md-segmented-button` |
| `md-fab-menu` | `md-fab-menu-item` (anchored to an `md-fab` via `anchor="<id>"`) |
| `md-menu` | `md-menu-item`, `md-sub-menu-item`, `md-menu-item-group` — **not** `md-divider`; separate rows with `md-menu-item`'s own `divider` (or `gap`) prop |
| `md-menu-item-group` | `md-menu-item` |
| `md-sub-menu-item` | a nested `md-menu` in `slot="submenu"` — the items go in *that* menu. There is no default slot, so anything else you nest renders nothing |
| `md-select`, `md-multi-select`, `md-autocomplete` | `md-select-option` |
| `md-list` | `md-list-item`, `md-divider` |
| `md-tabs` | `md-tab` |
| `md-tab-panels` | `md-tab-panel` (one per tab, in tab order) |
| `md-navigation-bar` | `md-navigation-tab` |
| `md-navigation-rail` | `md-navigation-rail-tab`, plus an `md-fab` in `slot="fab"` |
| `md-accordion` | `md-accordion-item` |
| `md-stepper` | `md-step` (horizontal steppers also take `slot="content"`) |
| `md-breadcrumbs` | `md-breadcrumb-item` |
| `md-table-container` | `md-table` — **it wraps the table, not the other way round** — plus `md-table-toolbar` in `slot="top"` and `md-table-pagination` in `slot="bottom"`, which sit outside the scroll region |
| `md-table` | `md-table-head`, `md-table-body`, `md-table-foot` (and bare `md-table-row`). It does **not** accept the container, toolbar or pagination |
| `md-table-head` / `-body` / `-foot` | `md-table-row` |
| `md-table-row` | `md-table-cell`, plus `md-table-expand-toggle` for an expandable row |
| `md-table-cell` | `md-table-sort-label` in a header cell |
| `md-tooltip` | **its trigger** — the tooltip wraps the element it describes in its default slot |
| `md-dialog` | body content in the default slot; `md-button` in `slot="actions"` |
| `md-bottom-sheet` / `md-side-sheet` | content in the default slot; `md-button` in `slot="actions"`; headline in `slot="headline"` |
| `md-app-bar` | `md-icon-button` in `slot="leading"` and `slot="trailing"`; `md-menu` for overflow; a field in `slot="search"` on `variant="search"` |
| `md-toolbar` | `md-icon-button`, `md-button`, `md-button-group`; an `md-fab` in `slot="fab"`; `slot="leading"` / `slot="trailing"` for the end clusters |

### 7.2 Pairs that belong together

These don't nest — they sit next to each other in a working flow. Reaching for
one usually means you want the other.

| This | Goes with | Why |
|---|---|---|
| `md-icon-button` | `md-tooltip` | The tooltip supplies the visible meaning the icon lacks |
| `md-button` (`soft-disabled`) | `md-tooltip` | Explains *why* the action is unavailable |
| `md-fab` | `md-fab-menu` | The FAB is the menu's anchor |
| `md-split-button` | `md-menu` | The trailing half opens it |
| `md-card` | `md-button`, `md-icon-button`, `md-divider` | Footer actions, corner action, internal sections |
| `md-list-item` | `md-checkbox`, `md-switch`, `md-icon-button` | Trailing controls in a selectable or settings row |
| `md-bottom-sheet` / `md-side-sheet` | `md-list` | Action menus and filter panels inside the sheet |
| `md-search` | `md-list`, `md-avatar`, `md-icon-button` | Results in the panel; account and voice/filter affordances in the trailing slot |
| `md-date-picker` | `md-time-picker` | Date + time row for booking and scheduling forms |
| `md-time-picker` | `md-button` | The trigger, when `hide-trigger` is set. The picker **is** its own dialog — don't nest it in another one |
| `md-text-field` | `md-button` | Submit / cancel in the form footer |
| `md-multi-select` / `md-autocomplete` | `md-text-field`, `md-menu`, `md-chip` | The field is the trigger (and inherits its variant, density and error state), the menu is the option surface, chips are the selected values |
| `md-autocomplete` | `md-progress-indicator` | The loading row while suggestions are fetched |
| `md-transfer-list` | `md-checkbox`, `md-text-field`, `md-icon-button` | Per-row select, per-side search, mover controls |
| `md-number-field` | `md-text-field` hooks, `md-icon-button` | It *is* an `md-text-field` internally — every `--md-text-field-*` custom property passes through — and its steppers are `md-icon-button`s |
| `md-otp-field` | `md-button` | Verify action (`auto-submit` covers the no-button flow) |
| Any chart | `md-card` | Charts belong on a dashboard tile |
| `md-line-chart` | `md-segmented-button-set` | Period picker (1W / 1M / 1Y) driving the range |
| `md-sparkline` | `md-list-item`, `md-table-cell` | Trend column beside a value |
| `md-skeleton` | `md-card`, `md-list` | Render N placeholders in the real layout while fetching |
| `md-meter` | `md-chip`, `md-card` | Same semantic status colour on both; quota and usage summaries live on a card |
| `md-color-picker` | `md-text-field`, `md-button` | Label and helper text beside it in a form; save / cancel in the surrounding popover or dialog |
| `md-rating` | `md-text-field`, `md-card` | A rating row in a review form; aggregate scores on a review card |
| `md-accordion` | `md-divider` | Optional inner dividers inside long item content |
| `md-stepper` | `md-button` | Next / back / submit adjacent to the stepper |

### 7.3 Nesting that is always wrong

- A dialog opened from inside a dialog. Use `md-stepper` inside **one**
  `md-dialog`.
- A component inside a native interactive element (`<button>`, `<a>`) — it
  nests interactive controls and destroys the accessibility tree. Use the
  component's own `href` / `type` props.
- `md-tabs` used for top-level app navigation. Tabs switch sibling views of the
  same data; destinations are `md-navigation-bar` / `md-navigation-rail`.

---

## §8 — Page recipes

Complete, runnable screens. Each renders as-is once the components are
registered and the token sheet and font links from §3 are loaded — no
placeholder identifiers, no helper functions to write.

### 8.1 Login screen

`<form>` is load-bearing: it is what makes `required` block submit and what
`type="submit"` calls `requestSubmit()` on.

```html
<main style="display: grid; place-items: center; min-block-size: 100dvh; padding: 24px;">
  <form id="login-form" style="inline-size: min(420px, 100%);">
    <md-card variant="elevated" style="padding: 32px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px;">
      <h1 style="margin: 0; font: var(--md-sys-typescale-headline-medium-font);">Sign in</h1>

      <md-text-field
        variant="outlined"
        label="Email"
        type="email"
        name="email"
        autocomplete="username"
        required
      ></md-text-field>

      <md-text-field
        variant="outlined"
        label="Password"
        type="password"
        name="password"
        autocomplete="current-password"
        password-toggle="internal"
        required
      ></md-text-field>

      <md-button variant="filled" type="submit" full-width>Sign in</md-button>
      <md-button variant="text" href="/forgot-password">Forgot password?</md-button>
    </md-card>
  </form>
</main>

<script type="module">
  document.getElementById('login-form').addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const data = new FormData(e.currentTarget);
    console.log(data.get('email'), data.get('password'));
  });
</script>
```

### 8.2 Settings page (mobile)

Top app bar + grouped rows of instant-apply switches. `md-switch` uses
**`selected`**, not `checked`. The rows are `type="text"` (non-interactive), so
the switch is the only control — one tab stop per setting.

```html
<md-app-bar variant="small" headline="Settings">
  <md-icon-button slot="leading" icon="arrow_back" aria-label="Back"></md-icon-button>
</md-app-bar>

<main style="padding: 16px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px;">
  <md-card variant="outlined">
    <md-list>
      <md-list-item headline="Notifications" supporting-text="Push, email, in-app" lines="2">
        <md-switch slot="trailing" selected aria-label="Enable notifications" data-setting="notifications"></md-switch>
      </md-list-item>
      <md-divider></md-divider>
      <md-list-item headline="Dark mode" supporting-text="Match system" lines="2">
        <md-switch slot="trailing" aria-label="Enable dark mode" data-setting="dark"></md-switch>
      </md-list-item>
      <md-divider></md-divider>
      <md-list-item headline="Sync over cellular">
        <md-switch slot="trailing" selected aria-label="Sync over cellular" data-setting="cellular"></md-switch>
      </md-list-item>
    </md-list>
  </md-card>
</main>

<md-snackbar id="settings-toast" message="Setting saved"></md-snackbar>

<script type="module">
  const toast = document.getElementById('settings-toast');
  document.querySelectorAll('md-switch[data-setting]').forEach((sw) => {
    sw.addEventListener('mdChange', (e) => {
      if (sw.dataset.setting === 'dark') {
        document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', e.detail.selected ? 'dark' : 'light');
      }
      toast.show();
    });
  });
</script>
```

### 8.3 Settings form (deferred save, with validation)

When settings are saved on submit rather than applied instantly, use a real
form. `required` blocks the submit; every control needs a `name` to reach
`FormData`.

```html
<form id="profile-form" style="max-inline-size: 560px; margin: 24px auto; padding: 0 16px;">
  <md-card variant="outlined" style="padding: 24px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px;">
    <h2 style="margin: 0; font: var(--md-sys-typescale-title-large-font);">Profile</h2>

    <md-text-field
      variant="outlined"
      label="Display name"
      name="displayName"
      required
      supporting-text="Shown on your public profile"
    ></md-text-field>

    <md-select variant="outlined" label="Language" name="language" value="en" required>
      <md-select-option value="en" label="English"></md-select-option>
      <md-select-option value="de" label="Deutsch"></md-select-option>
      <md-select-option value="ar" label="العربية"></md-select-option>
    </md-select>

    <!-- md-checkbox has NO label slot. It is a labelable, form-associated
         element: wrap it in a native <label> (which names it AND forwards
         clicks), or give the host an aria-label. Text between the tags is
         NOT rendered. -->
    <label style="display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; cursor: pointer;">
      <md-checkbox name="newsletter" value="yes" supporting-text="Monthly, no more"></md-checkbox>
      <span>Send me product news</span>
    </label>

    <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px; justify-content: flex-end;">
      <md-button variant="text" type="reset">Reset</md-button>
      <md-button variant="filled" type="submit">Save changes</md-button>
    </div>
  </md-card>
</form>

<md-snackbar id="saved-toast" message="Changes saved" action="Undo"></md-snackbar>

<script type="module">
  const form = document.getElementById('profile-form');
  const toast = document.getElementById('saved-toast');

  form.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const data = Object.fromEntries(new FormData(form));
    console.log(data); // { displayName, language, newsletter? }
    toast.show();
  });

  toast.addEventListener('mdAction', () => form.reset());
</script>
```

### 8.4 Dashboard with a FAB

```html
<md-app-bar variant="medium" headline="Inbox">
  <md-icon-button slot="trailing" icon="search" aria-label="Search"></md-icon-button>
  <md-icon-button slot="trailing" icon="filter_list" aria-label="Filter"></md-icon-button>
</md-app-bar>

<main style="padding: 16px; display: grid; gap: 12px; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));">
  <md-card variant="filled" interactive style="padding: 16px;">
    <strong>Acme contract</strong>
    <p style="margin: 4px 0 0; color: var(--md-sys-color-on-surface-variant);">Renewal due in 5 days</p>
  </md-card>
  <md-card variant="filled" interactive style="padding: 16px;">
    <strong>Q4 report draft</strong>
    <p style="margin: 4px 0 0; color: var(--md-sys-color-on-surface-variant);">Shared by Alex</p>
  </md-card>
</main>

<md-fab
  icon="add"
  aria-label="New item"
  style="position: fixed; inset-block-end: 16px; inset-inline-end: 16px; z-index: var(--md-sys-z-index-navigation);"
></md-fab>
```

`inset-inline-end` (not `right`) is what keeps the FAB in the correct corner
under `dir="rtl"`.

### 8.5 Destructive confirmation dialog

`md-dialog` traps focus and returns it to the trigger on close — do not add your
own focus management. The error colouring goes through the button's own custom
properties, never a hex.

```html
<md-button id="open-delete" variant="outlined">Delete account</md-button>

<md-dialog id="confirm-delete" headline="Delete account?" icon="warning">
  <p style="margin: 0;">
    This will permanently delete your account and all associated data.
    This action cannot be undone.
  </p>
  <md-button id="cancel-delete" slot="actions" variant="text">Cancel</md-button>
  <md-button
    id="do-delete"
    slot="actions"
    variant="filled"
    style="--md-button-container-color: var(--md-sys-color-error);
           --md-button-label-color: var(--md-sys-color-on-error);"
  >Delete</md-button>
</md-dialog>

<script type="module">
  const dialog = document.getElementById('confirm-delete');
  document.getElementById('open-delete').addEventListener('mdClick', () => dialog.show());
  document.getElementById('cancel-delete').addEventListener('mdClick', () => dialog.close());
  document.getElementById('do-delete').addEventListener('mdClick', () => {
    dialog.close();
    // perform the deletion
  });
</script>
```

If you omit `slot="actions"` entirely, `md-dialog` renders its own Cancel / OK
pair (labels via `cancel-label` / `ok-label`) and closes itself.

### 8.6 Tabbed content page

`md-tab-panels` finds the nearest preceding `md-tabs` (or the one named by
`for`), follows its `mdTabChange`, and wires `aria-controls` /
`aria-labelledby` both ways. **No JavaScript is required**, and `md-tab` has no
`value` or `selected` prop — selection lives on `md-tabs` as `active-tab-index`.

```html
<md-tabs id="profile-tabs" aria-label="Profile sections" active-tab-index="0">
  <md-tab label="Posts"></md-tab>
  <md-tab label="Replies"></md-tab>
  <md-tab label="Likes" badge="3"></md-tab>
</md-tabs>

<md-tab-panels for="profile-tabs">
  <md-tab-panel style="padding: 16px;">
    <p style="margin: 0;">Your posts appear here.</p>
  </md-tab-panel>
  <md-tab-panel style="padding: 16px;">
    <p style="margin: 0;">Your replies appear here.</p>
  </md-tab-panel>
  <md-tab-panel style="padding: 16px;">
    <p style="margin: 0;">Posts you liked appear here.</p>
  </md-tab-panel>
</md-tab-panels>
```

To react to the switch (lazy-loading a panel, for example), listen on the tabs:

```js
document.getElementById('profile-tabs')
  .addEventListener('mdTabChange', (e) => console.log(e.detail.index, e.detail.previousIndex));
```

### 8.7 The full recipe library

Twenty-two more complete screens live in the documentation, each with a live
demo, the full markup, framework tabs, and production notes. When the user's
request matches one of these, read that page (append the slug to
`https://awc-ui.dev/recipes/`) instead of composing from scratch:

| Recipe slug | Screen |
|---|---|
| `two-factor-verification` | OTP entry, resend countdown, backup-codes dialog |
| `kpi-overview` | Stat tiles with sparklines + charts under a range switcher |
| `data-grid-console` | Bulk-action data table: filters, selection, undo |
| `server-fleet-status` | Table of hosts with meters, sparklines, status dots |
| `release-health-drilldown` | Table row → side-sheet master-detail with charts |
| `csv-import-wizard` | Stepper: upload, map columns, validate, import |
| `role-permission-assignment` | Transfer-list permissions with confirm dialog |
| `org-chart-explorer` | Searchable org chart with side-sheet profiles |
| `moderation-queue` | Verdict controls, confidence meter, card queue |
| `checkout-wizard` | Three-step commerce checkout with validation |
| `appointment-booking` | Date + time pickers inside a stepper flow |
| `survey-nps` | Paged survey using every input control |
| `notification-preferences` | Accordion × switch matrix, quiet hours |
| `app-shell` | Responsive rail/bar chrome, SSR-ready, zero CLS |
| `inbox-shell` | Three-zone list + reading-pane layout |
| `mobile-filter-sheet` | Bottom-sheet filters with applied-chip row |
| `product-reviews` | Rating input + per-star meter breakdown |
| `order-tracking` | Shipment timeline stepper with progress meter |
| `portfolio-markets` | Finance charts + holdings table + trade ticket |
| `pricing-page` | Plan cards, billing toggle, comparison table |
| `async-feedback-patterns` | Skeleton/progress/snackbar choreography rules |
| `charts-gallery` | Every chart component, live-retheming palette |

---

## §9 — Universal do's and don'ts

Apply to every component. Component-specific rules live in each manual.

### 9.1 API and styling

| ✅ Do | ❌ Don't |
|---|---|
| Use the custom element directly — it *is* the control, with its own `href` / `type` props | Wrap it in a native `<button>` / `<a>` (§7.3) |
| Set arrays and objects as **JS properties** (`el.items = [...]`) | Pass them as HTML attributes — they won't parse |
| Theme via `--md-<component>-*` properties, then `::part()` | Reach into shadow internals or override `.md-*` classes |
| Change appearance through design tokens (§4.1) | Hardcode hex colors, px spacing, shadows, or font stacks |
| Use `--md-sys-z-index-*` for your own overlays | Invent z-indexes that land under a menu |
| Use logical CSS (`margin-inline-start`, `inset-inline-end`) | Use `margin-left`, `right`, `padding-right` |
| Set `data-density` / `data-theme` / `dir` once, globally | Set them per component unless you mean a local exception |
| Listen to the component's `md*` events | Rely on native `click` — it fires even when the component's `disabled` / `loading` guard suppressed the action |
| Check the manual for the state prop name | Assume `checked`; `md-switch` uses `selected` |
| Render the element, then call its `@Method` | Call `.show()` on an element not yet in the DOM |

Toggling components flip their own state on activation and *then* emit. On
`md-button`, `mdClick` is cancelable — `preventDefault()` on it vetoes the
toggle and any navigation. `mdChange` fires after the flip and is not
cancelable. If a controlled parent rejects a change it must revert the child
explicitly.

`md-button` has a **toggle mode**: set `toggle` and the button flips its own
`selected` on each activation and exposes `aria-pressed`. `selected` is the
state, not the switch — set it for the initial pressed state and read it back
from `mdClick`'s `detail.selected`. Setting `toggle` and then styling
"pressed" yourself, or setting `selected` without `toggle` (which emits no
`aria-pressed` at all), both produce a control that lies to assistive tech.

### 9.2 Content and hierarchy

| ✅ Do | ❌ Don't |
|---|---|
| Use sentence case for all labels | Uppercase or title-case UI text |
| Keep one high-emphasis action per screen region | Compete `filled` buttons against each other |
| Use `soft-disabled` + `md-tooltip` for contextually-unavailable actions | Use `disabled` and remove it from tab order with no explanation |
| Localize every text prop and `aria-label` | Leave default English prop values in a translated app |

**`disabled` vs `soft-disabled`.** Both render the disabled appearance, but
`disabled` also removes the control from the tab order, so a keyboard or screen
reader user can never find out *why* it is off. `soft-disabled` keeps the
control focusable and announced while still blocking activation — which is what
lets an `md-tooltip` on it explain the gate. Use it whenever the reason is
informative rather than obvious.

Nesting rules — dialog inside a dialog, a component inside a native
`<button>` / `<a>`, tabs used as app navigation — live in §7.3.

### 9.3 Accessibility contract

The library ships WCAG 2.1 AA keyboard and ARIA wiring by default. These are the
rules you must not break:

1. **Every icon-only control gets an accessible name.** `md-icon-button`,
   `md-fab`, and icon-only `md-tab` are nameless without `aria-label` (or
   `aria-labelledby`). `md-fab` will also accept `label`, and warns in the
   console when it has neither.
2. **Every form field gets a `label` prop.** `placeholder` is not a label — it
   disappears on type.
3. **Don't break the tab order.** Every interactive control must be reachable by
   Tab and operable by Enter/Space. If you add `tabindex="-1"` to anything,
   have a reason.
4. **Don't write your own focus trap.** `md-dialog`, `md-bottom-sheet` and
   `md-side-sheet` trap focus while open and restore it to the trigger on
   close — including across shadow boundaries. Adding your own fights theirs.
5. **Don't wrap components in your own live regions.** `md-snackbar` announces
   itself (`politeness="polite"` by default, `"assertive"` when the message must
   interrupt). For an error that blocks the task, use `md-dialog`.
6. **Don't disable motion yourself.** Components honour
   `prefers-reduced-motion: reduce` internally.
7. **Directional icons do not auto-flip in RTL** — see §4.5.
8. **Re-verify contrast after overriding any colour role** — the library's AA
   testing covers the shipped palette only. The Theme Generator at
   <https://awc-ui.dev/theme-generator> runs the WCAG checks live (§4.2).

---

## §10 — Before you ship

1. **Every icon-only control has an accessible name.**
2. **Keyboard-only pass**: reach and operate every control; focus is always
   visible; no traps in dialogs/menus/sheets; focus returns to the trigger.
3. **Theme pass**: light *and* dark, if both are supported — and the attribute
   is set before first paint.
4. **RTL pass**, if an RTL locale ships — check directional icons specifically,
   and grep your own CSS for physical properties.
5. **Density pass** at the configured rung — no clipped labels, touch targets
   still adequate. Remember `density="0"` is inert; use
   `--md-sys-density-scale: 0` to opt a subtree out.
6. **Forms**: every control has a `name`; `required` blocks submit; `FormData`
   contains every field; reset works.
7. **No hardcoded strings** left in markup if the app is localized — including
   default prop values like `Search`, `Dismiss`, `No results`.
8. **No hardcoded design values** — grep the diff for hex colours, `px` radii,
   `box-shadow`, and `z-index` literals.
9. **Contrast** re-verified against AA if colour roles were overridden.
10. **SSR**: if server-rendered, confirm no hydration mismatch and that content
    is present with JS disabled.
11. **No shadow-internal CSS** — only tokens, custom properties, and `::part()`.
12. **Every `md-*` tag you emitted appears in §6.** If it doesn't, it doesn't
    exist.